农牧户兼业、规模异质与生产技术效率变化*——基于5省452户细毛羊养殖户的实证研究

FARMERS′ CONCURRENT BUSINESS, HETEROGENEITY OF SCALE AND CHANGES IN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY*——A STUDY BASED ON 452 FINE WOOL SHEEP BREEDERS IN 5 PROVINCES

关键词:  农牧户兼业规模异质细毛羊生产技术效率

Key words:  farmers and herdsmen  part time  scale heterogeneity  fine wool sheep  production technology efficiency

摘要:

［目的］利用5省452户细毛羊养殖户调研数据，分析规模异质下农牧户兼业化对细毛羊生产技术效率的影响。［方法］文章采用SBM模型和Tobit模型分别测算了农牧户细毛羊生产技术效率及不同规模下兼业化对生产技术效率的影响。［结果］（1）在其他条件不变的情况下，兼业化会显著促进农牧户生产技术效率的提升，且非农兼业程度越强对细毛羊生产技术效率的正向影响作用越大。（2）分规模来看，农业兼业形式对散养户、中规模和大规模养殖户生产技术效率具有负向影响，对小规模养殖户生产技术效率具有正向影响，但影响均不显著； 由于非农兼业形式在散养户和大规模养殖户中所带来的“劳动力流失效应”与“收入投资效应”的强度的不同，对散养户生产技术效率具有显著的负向影响，对大规模养殖户生产技术效率具有显著的正向影响。（3）受教育程度、养殖年限、养殖方式、是否接受技术培训均对养殖户总体生产技术效率具有显著的正向影响，年龄变量对养殖户总体生产技术效率具有显著的负向影响。［结论］应全面推进细毛羊标准化规模养殖进程，加大细毛羊养殖技术培训的开展与推广，加强对养殖专业合作社的法律宣传和政策引导，完善国家层面的畜牧养殖的扶持政策。

Abstract:

Based on the survey data of 452 households of fine wool sheep in five provinces, this research analyzed the impact of the concurrent production of farmers and herdsmen on the technical efficiency of fine wool sheep. The SBM model and the Tobit model were used to measure the technical efficiency of the production of fine wool sheep and the impact of the concurrent production on the production technology efficiency under different scales. The results showed that concurrent farming could significantly improve the production technical efficiency of farmers and herdsmen under the same other conditions, and the stronger the degree of non agricultural concurrent farming was, the greater the positive effect on the production technical efficiency of fine wool sheep was. From the point of view of scale, agricultural concurrent business had a negative impact on the production technical efficiency of the retail farmers, medium scale and large scale farmers, and a positive impact on the production technical efficiency of small scale farmers, but the impact was not significant; Because of the different intensities of "labor loss effect" and "income investment effect" brought about by non agricultural concurrent business in the retail farmers and large scale farmers, it had a significant negative impact on the production technical efficiency of retail farmers, and had a significant positive impact on the production technical efficiency of large scale farmers. In addition, education level, breeding years, breeding methods and technical training had a significant positive impact on the overall production technical efficiency of farmers. Age had a significant negative impact on the overall production technical efficiency of farmers. It is necessary to promote the standardization of fine wool sheep breeding on a large scale, strengthen the development and popularization of fine wool sheep breeding technical training, strengthen the legal publicity and policy guidance of breeding professional cooperatives, and improve the support policy of animal husbandry at the national level.