松嫩平原自然宜垦性及耕地后备资源开发潜力

PHYSICAL SUITABILITY EVALUATION AND POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RESERVE CULTIVATED LAND RESOURCES IN SONGNEN PLAIN

关键词:  宜垦性评价耕地后备资源开发潜力松嫩平原粮食安全

Key words:  physical suitability evaluation  reserve resources of cultivated  potential development  Songnen Plain  food security

摘要:

［目的］为保障我国粮食安全，为耕地后备资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据，同时完善中国区域耕地后备资源自然开发潜力方面的研究。［方法］文章从自然适宜性的角度出发，选取了地形、气候、土地类型和土壤4个方面15个评价因子，采用层次分析、专家打分等方法确定评价因子权重，构建松嫩平原宜垦性评价指标体系。［结果］（1）1980—2015年松嫩平原自然宜垦性整体较好，最适宜垦区与较适宜垦区占松嫩平原面积的5068%，分布在松嫩平原腹地大部地区，中部、中北部、中南部等地；(2)松嫩平原已开垦耕地资源中，持续利用耕地占松嫩平原面积的4814%，空间上与宜垦程度高值区高度吻合；(3)新增耕地占区域面积的126%，以中度适宜垦区和较适宜垦区为主；(4)松嫩平原耕地后备资源占松嫩平原土地面积的1556%，在松嫩平原西部地区、中部和东北部地区均有分布，耕地后备资源中度及以上宜垦区占后备资源总量的7465%。［结论］目前大庆市和白城市可开发耕地后备资源最为丰富，但其中轻度及不适宜开垦区所占比例大，开发难度较大； 松原市可开发资源相对丰富且开垦难度小。

Abstract:

This research aims to protect national food security and provide scientific basis for reasonable exploitation and utilization of the cultivated reserved land resources, moreover to improve the research of the potential for reserve resources of arable lands. From the angle of physical suitability, this research selected fifteen factors of landform, climate, land use cover and soil to construct physical suitability evaluation index system. And the weight contributions of each factors were determined by using the Delphi method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the most area of Songnen Plain were suitable to cultivation from 1980 to 2015. The most and the more suitable areas for cultivation were account for about 50.68% in the whole Songnen Plain, which mainly in the central of Songnen Plain, include middle, mid north and mid south areas of Songnen Plain. In the existing cultivated land, the spatial distribution of sustainable utilization of cultivation resources were consistent with the highest value physical suitability grade, which were accounted for 48.14 percent of the whole Songnen Plain. The newly increased cultivated land were consistent with the higher/mid value physical suitability grade, which were accounted for 12.6 percent of the whole Songnen Plain. The reserve resources of cultivated land were mainly distributed in the west, middle and northeast part of Songnen Plain, accounting for 15.56 percent of the area of Songnen Plain. And the cultivated land with great development potentiality, occupying 74.56% of cultivated reserved land resources. We can get the conclusions that Daqing city and Baicheng city have the richest cultivated reserved land resources, but with low physical suitability grade and difficult to developing. Songyuan city is good for cultivation with more reserve resources and better physical suitability.