中国小麦生产技术效率测算与影响因素分析*——基于农机服务视角的研究

ESTIMATION OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION IN CHINA AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS*——BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIVISION OF LABOR

关键词:  小麦技术效率社会分工农机服务随机前沿模型

Key words:  wheat  technical efficiency  social division of labor  agricultural machinery service  stochastic frontier model

摘要:

［目的］文章基于农机服务的视角，旨在分析中国小麦生产技术效率变化及其影响因素。［方法］该文采用2004—2015年中国15个小麦主产省（自治区）的面板数据，一是测算出中国小麦的生产技术效率；二是构建度量农户农机服务采纳程度的指标，并借用随机前沿生产函数模型，探究农机服务对中国小麦生产技术效率的影响，进一步基于社会分工的视角，讨论了农机服务及雇工状况对小麦生产技术效率的影响。［结果］我国小麦主产省（自治区）的农机服务使用程度及生产技术效率，在区域之间有着显著性差异，农机服务投入对小麦生产技术效率有显著正向影响，人口老龄化对小麦生产技术效率呈现显著负向影响，农业生产雇工对小麦生产技术效率的影响并不显著。［结论］通过增加小麦的农机服务投入，能够改善小麦生产的要素结构配置，进而有助于促进小麦生产技术效率的提升。基于研究结论，该文建议，积极推动农机社会化服务发展，优化服务基础设施环境，为优化促进小麦生产以及农民增收提供重要动力。

Abstract:

This research aims to study the efficiency change and its influencing factors of wheat production technology in China based on the perspective of division of labor. The panel data of 15 major wheat producing provinces in China from 2004 to 2015 were used to calculate the technical efficiency of China′s wheat production and construct the indicators of the degree of adoption of agricultural machinery services by farmers, and then a random frontier production function model was borrowed to explore the impact of the adoption of agricultural machinery services on the efficiency of China′s wheat production technology. There were significant differences in the degree of agricultural machinery service use and production technology efficiency among the main wheat producing provinces in China. The ratio of agricultural machinery service was 0.895, and the technical efficiency of wheat production was 0.719 1. Based on the perspective of social division of labor, the impact of agricultural machinery services and employee status on the efficiency of wheat production technology was studied. The degree of mechanical use in agricultural production has a significant positive impact on the production efficiency of wheat. The aging of the population has a significant negative impact on the efficiency of wheat production technology. The impact of agricultural production workers on the technical efficiency of wheat production is not significant. It is indicated that improving the mechanization of wheat as a means to promote the efficiency of wheat production technology will be effective. It is recommended to promote agricultural productive services, increase the types of socialized services, improve the construction of service systems, and optimize the service infrastructure environment.