家庭农场与农户小规模农地对农业技术服务需求行为差异及影响因素

THE DIFFERENCE AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE DEMAND FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY SERVICE OF THE SMALL SCALE FARM LAND AND PEASANT HOUSEHOLD

关键词:  家庭农场农户小规模农地农业技术服务需求行为差异性影响因素

Key words:  family farm  small scale farm land  agricultural technology service  demand diversity  influencing factors

摘要:

［目的］在农业的发展过程中，以集约化土地种植为主的新型经营主体将极大地促进农业的现代化发展，这是新型的农业经营主体追求效益的最大化的选择性行为，也是政府主导和扶持的新型农民的政策缩影。文章探讨现代农业发展的背景下不同种植规模经营主体对于农业技术服务的需求行为差异和影响因素。［方法］以新疆棉区的1 043户小规模种植农户和683户家庭农场主的调查数据为例，对以家庭农场（种植面积267hm2及以上）为例的新型农业经营主体与传统农户小规模农地对农业技术服务需求行为运用二元Logistic模型进行实证分析。［结果］(1)家庭耕地面积是影响家庭农场对农业技术服务需求行为的主要因素； 而文化程度、是否参加农业合作社、村里是否有农业合作社是家庭农场对农业技术服务需求行为的影响程度最大的。(2)而参加农业技术培训次数是影响农户小规模农地对农业技术服务需求行为的主要因素； 是否参加农业技术培训是农户小规模农地对农业技术服务需求行为的影响程度最大的。［结论］（1）农业技术服供给机构应根据农户经营种植的耕地面积，对用户进行分类管理。（2）农业技术服务机构应协同基层部门加大对农业技术服务的宣传力度，全面提升种植农户的认知程度。（3）培育新型农业经营主体，为农业技术服务培育不同规模需求的优良农户。

Abstract:

In the process of agricultural development, the new management subject based on the intensive cultivation of land will greatly promote the modernization of agriculture, which is the selective choice for the main body of agriculture to pursue the benefit. It is also the epitome of the policy of the new farmers led and supported by the government. This research is to explore the differences in demand behaviors and influencing factors of agricultural technology services among different planting scale operators under the background of modern agricultural development. Taking the survey data of 1 043 small scale farmers and 683 family farmers in the Xinjiang cotton area as an example, the binary logistic model was used to analyze the differences in demand for agricultural technology services and the influencing factors of the new agricultural management entities with family farms (planting area of 2.67 hm2 and above) and small scale agricultural land of traditional farmers under the background of modern development. The results showed that the area of family cultivated land was the main factor that affected the demand for agricultural technology service of family farm. The degree of culture, whether to participate in agricultural cooperatives, and whether there were agricultural cooperatives in the village were the biggest impact of family farms on the demand for agricultural technology services. The number of training times of agricultural technology was the main factor which affected the demand for agricultural technology services of small scale farm land. Whether or not to take part in agricultural technical training was the biggest impact of the small farm land on the demand for agricultural technology services. In summary, firstly, the agricultural technical service supply agency should classify and manage users according to the cultivated land area cultivated by the farmers. Secondly, agro technical service agencies should work together with grassroots departments to increase the publicity of agro technical services and comprehensively raise the awareness of planting farmers. Thirdly, we will foster new types of agricultural business entities, and cultivate fine farmers with different scales of demand for agricultural technology services.