供给侧改革视角下黄淮海地区小麦品种发展研究

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WHEAT VARIETIES IN HUANG HUAI HAI REGION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SUPPLY SIDE REFORM

关键词:  黄淮海地区供给侧结构性改革小麦品种小麦产业

Key words:  Huang Huai Hai region  supply side  structural reform  wheat variety  wheat industry

摘要:

［目的］从供给侧改革的视角，分析黄淮海地区小麦品种发展的现状及存在的问题，为提高小麦整体质量，促进小麦产业发展，深化农业供给侧结构性改革提供政策依据。［方法］利用2013—2017年全国小麦主要品种推广数据， 2017年河北、山东、河南3省共308户农户的调研数据，以及2010—2017年中国小麦质量报告的数据，通过统计描述和对比分析，对黄淮海地区小麦品种的种植情况、品质质量情况以及成本收益情况进行分析。［结果］黄淮海地区小麦育种经历了抗病稳产、矮化高产、多抗广适和优质高效4个阶段，但当前小麦生产还存在品种结构不合理、品质质量低、产购销体系不完善等3方面的问题。［结论］未来消费及加工市场对小麦品种及品质的要求会不断提升，黄淮海地区的小麦特别是优质强筋小麦的供给还不能满足市场需求。基于此，提出加快优质小麦品种改良，发展适度规模经营，加强农业社会化服务体系建设，完善优质优价机制等政策建议。

Abstract:

In order to provide the rationale to the structural reform in terms of agriculture, to improve the general quality of wheat, and to facilitate the development of agriculture, this paper explores the present situation and existing problems of wheat variety development in Huang Huai Hai region from the perspective of supply side reform. Through statistical description and comparative analysis, we examined the planting situation, quality situation, and cost benefit of wheat varieties in Huang Huai Hai region by analyzing the data of the main wheat varieties from 2013 to 2017, the survey data of 308 households in 2017 in Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces, and the data from 2010 to 2017 wheat quality report. We found that wheat breeding in the Huang Huai Hai region had experienced four stages, namely disease resistant & stable production, dwarf & high yield, multi resistance, and high quality & high efficiency. However, there were still three problems existing in wheat production, which were irrational variety structure, poor wheat quality, and the production, imperfect purchase & sales system. In conclusion, the demand of wheat varieties and quality will continue to increase in the future market. The supply of wheat, especially high quality strong gluten wheat produced in the Huang Huai Hai region is not able to meet high demand in the market. Based on these findings, it is discussed to propose on how to develop high quality wheat varieties, operate the planting in an appropriate scale, strengthen the construction of socialized agricultural service system, and improve the mechanism of better quality and better price.