京津冀区域“三生空间”分类评价与格局演变

CLASSIFICATION EVALUATION AND PATTERN EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTION LIVING ECOLOGICAL SPACES IN BEIJING TIANJIN HEBEI RERION

关键词:  三生空间格局演变京津冀区域矩阵空间GIS技术

Key words:  production living ecological spaces  pattern evolution  Beijing Tian Hebei region  matrix  space  GIS technology

摘要:

［目的］国土空间是社会经济发展的载体，是人们生存和发展的依托。识别和定量刻画“三生”功能空间结构及其演变规律是进行国土空间结构优化的基础。［方法］研究引入土地三生功能评分矩阵，通过GIS空间分析和可视化技术，基于土地利用覆被数据，对1900—2015年京津冀区域三生空间格局演变进行了研究。［结果］京津冀区域三生空间分布格局具有较强的规律性。生产空间主要分布在东南平原区，生活空间主要分布在北京、天津、石家庄、唐山、廊坊等都市圈，生态空间主要分布燕山—太行山山区。1990—2015年京津冀区域生产空间保持稳定，生活空间呈扩张态势，生态空间略有减小，北京、天津、石家庄、唐山、廊坊等都市圈三生空间变化最为活跃，具体表现为生产生活空间快速扩张、生态空间大幅度缩减。［结论］利用土地三生功能评分矩阵法，可以快速有效识别区域三生空间，不仅能体现土地的多功能性，更能反映不同地类功能的差异性。京津冀区域应严格控制人口、城市用地规模，划定耕地数量底线，河北应充分发挥京津冀生态环境支撑区作用，构建结构合理的绿色生态屏障，加快推进京津风沙源治理、太行山绿化、退耕还林、水土保持等生态工程建设，全面实施地下水超采综合治理，发展节水型农林业，加强湿地和农田保护。增加生态用地数量，重点建设成片森林和恢复连篇湿地，扩大生态空间，为京津等大城市发展提供生态空间保障。

Abstract:

Land space is the carrier of social and economic development，meanwhile it is also the support of people′s survival and development. Identification and quantitative characterization of the ecological production living spatial structure and its evolution are the basis for optimizing the spatial structure of land. Quantitative research into the conflict among ecological production living spaces provides support for space use allocation，conflict management and sustainable development. The reasonable and orderly development of ecological living industrial spaces is of great significance for land function combination，ordering spatial development，guiding population resource environments and ensuring socio economic sustainable development. Based on the land use and cover data, this paper studied the evolution of the spatial pattern of the tertiary in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region from 1990 to 2015 by introducing the scoring matrix of the tertiary function of land and using GIS spatial analysis and visualization technology. The spatial distribution pattern of tertiary in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region had strong regularity. Production space was mainly distributed in the southeast plain area, living space was mainly distributed in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Langfang and other metropolitan areas, and ecological space was mainly distributed in Yanshan Taihang mountain area. From 1990 to 2015, the production space in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region remained stable, the living space showed an expansion trend, and the ecological space decreased slightly. The changes of the ecological living industrial spaces in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Langfang and other metropolitan areas were the most active, which were manifested by the rapid expansion of the production and living space and the substantial reduction of the ecological space. By using the scoring matrix method of land tertiary function, the regional tertiary space can be quickly and effectively identified, which not only reflects the versatility of land, but also reflects the differences of different types of land functions. The Beijing Tianjin Hebei region should strictly control the population and the scale of urban land and draw the bottom line of cultivated land. Hebei should give full play to the role of the ecological environment supporting area of Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, build a reasonable green ecological barrier, accelerate the construction of ecological projects such as Beijing Tianjin sandstorm source control, Taihang mountain greening, returning farmland to forest, and soil and water conservation, fully implement the comprehensive control of groundwater overexploitation, develop water saving agriculture and forestry, and strengthen the protection of wetlands and farmland, increase the number of ecological land, focus on building a piece of forest and restoring continuous wetlands, expand ecological space, and provide ecological space guarantee for the development of Beijing, Tianjin and other large cities. This research is valuable for the studies on classification and evaluation of production living ecological spaces.