水足迹视角下安阳市水资源利用与经济增长关系研究

STUDY ON DECOUPLING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER RESOURCES UTILIZATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ANYANG CITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WATER FOOTPRINT

关键词:  水足迹安阳市水资源利用经济增长脱钩模型

Key words:  water footprint  Anyang city  utilization of water resources  economic growth  decoupling model

摘要:

［目的］随着安阳市经济发展和城镇化进程加快，水资源短缺和污染问题日趋严重，对水资源利用与经济增长关系的研究显得尤为重要。［方法］采用水足迹和水资源利用与经济增长评价模型，并结合水资源评价指标，研究了2000—2016年安阳市水资源利用与经济增长的协调状况。［结果］（1）安阳市农作物虚拟水中小麦等粮食作物虚拟水量较大，棉花等经济作物较小； 动物产品虚拟水量中禽蛋和猪肉虚拟水量最大，牛肉、兔肉和奶类次之，水产品最小。（2）安阳市水足迹呈波动上升趋势，水足迹总量年均增长率为2%，人均水足迹（1 52429m3/人·年）高于我国平均水资源量（1049m3/人·年）。农业水足迹比重最大，工业和生活次之，生态和贸易虚拟水量最小。（3）安阳市水资源匮乏程度严重，水资源年平均匮乏指数为748，年均增长率8%。（4）2001—2014年，安阳市GDP年增长率（14%）与水足迹年均增长率（31%）表现为弱脱钩状态（2007年和2010年除外）； 2015—2016年，则由弱脱钩转向强脱钩的协调状况转化。［结论］安阳市应注重发展高效农业，优先发展单位产品虚拟水含量较低粮食作物； 调整动物产品结构，适量进口水密集型产品，逐步改善贸易虚拟水结构。解决水资源供需矛盾，实现水资源合理利用，促进安阳市水资源可持续发展。

Abstract:

With the development of Anyang economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the water shortage and pollution problems are getting more and more serious. The research on the relationship between water resources utilization and economic growth is particularly important. Using water footprint and evaluation model of water resources utilization and economic growth, this paper studied the coordination status of water resources utilization and economic growth in Anyang city from 2000 to 2016. The results showed that (1) The fictitious water quantity of wheat and other crops in crop virtual water was larger than that of cash crops such as cotton in Anyang city. Among the virtual water quantity of animal products, the virtual water quantity of poultry eggs and pork was the largest, followed by beef, rabbit meat and milk, and aquatic products were the smallest. (2) The water footprint in Anyang city showed a fluctuating upward trend, the average annual growth rate of the total water footprint was 2%, and the per capita water footprint was 1 524.29m/person which was higher than that of the average water resources of China (1 049m/person). The proportion of agricultural water footprint was the largest, followed by industry and life, and the virtual water quantity of ecology and trade was the smallest. (3) The scarcity of water resources in Anyang city were serious, the average annual water scarcity index was 7.48, with an average annual growth rate of 8 %. （4）From 2001 to 2014, the annual GDP growth rate of Anyang city (14%) and the average annual growth rate of water footprint (3.1%) showed a weak decoupling state ( except 2007 and 2010 ). From 2015 to 2016, the coordination between weak decoupling and strong decoupling was transformed. Therefore, the development of efficient agriculture should be emphasized and the development of grain crops with low virtual water content per unit product should be given priority development. We should adjust the structure of animal products and reduce the utilization of water resources of local crops and animal products，import appropriate quantities of water intensive products to improve the structure of trade virtual water gradually. Meanwhile, we should solve the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, realize the rational utilization of water resources, and promote the sustainable development of water resources of Anyang city.