正规信贷约束对农牧户畜牧业生产技术效率的影响*——基于5省绒毛用羊调研数据

EFFECT OF FORMAL CREDIT CONSTRAINT ON LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY*——BASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF 5 PROVINCES

关键词:  正规金融机构信贷约束畜牧业生产技术效率影响因素

Key words:  formal financial institutions  credit constraints  animal husbandry  production technology efficiency  influencing factor

摘要:

［目的］分析正规信贷约束对农牧户畜牧业生产技术效率的影响。［方法］运用内生转换回归模型，考察畜牧业生产的农牧户受正规信贷约束的情况，以及正规信贷约束对农牧户畜牧业生产技术效率的影响。［结果］(1)调研地区2569%的绒毛用羊养殖农牧户受到来自正规金融机构的信贷约束，且以需求型信贷约束为主，且信贷约束会使农牧户绒毛用羊的生产投入偏离产出最大化下的投入水平，最终直接影响到农牧户绒毛用羊的生产技术效率。(2)年龄、受教育程度、养殖规模和参加合作社均对受信贷约束农牧户的生产技术效率具有显著的促进作用，当所有受约束农户的正规信贷需求得到有效满足时，农牧户的绒毛用羊生产技术效率将提高6%。［结论］(1)应加快以家庭为单位的农户征信系统建设步伐，拓宽农户贷款抵押担保的范围与模式，加大对农户信贷资金的支持力度。(2)放松政府管制，构建多元化、竞争性的农村金融体系，降低农村金融市场交易成本，鼓励金融机构实施优惠利率； 鼓励农牧户适度扩大绒毛用羊养殖规模，并引导绒毛用羊专业合作社的发展，提高合作社的服务水平，从而提高养殖户养殖技术效率。

Abstract:

The paper is to analyze the influence of formal credit constraints on the technical efficiency of animal husbandry production. The endogenous transformation regression model was used to investigate the situation that the farmers and herdsmen in animal husbandry production were constrained by the formal credit, and the influence of the formal credit constraints on the production technology efficiency of animal husbandry. The results showed that 25.69% of the farmers and herdsmen in the research area were subject to credit constraints from formal financial institutions, and demand based credit constraints were the main constraints. Credit constraints would make the production input of farmers and herdsmen′s sheep for wool deviate from the input level under the maximum output, and ultimately directly affect the productive efficiency of farmers and herdsmen′s sheep for wool. In addition, age, education level, breeding scale and participation in cooperatives had a significant effect on the efficiency of production technology of farmers and herdsmen subject to credit constraints. When the formal credit needs of all farmers were effectively met, the technical efficiency of wool sheep production of farmers and herdsmen would increase by 6%. It is necessary to speed up the construction of household credit system for households, broaden the scope and mode of mortgage guarantee for farmers, increase support for farmers′ credit funds, relax government regulation, and build a diversified and competitive rural financial system to reduce the transaction costs of rural financial markets, and encourage financial institutions to implement preferential interest rates. Encouraging farmers and herdsmen to appropriately expand the scale of sheep breeding for fluff, and guide the development of professional cooperatives for fluffy sheep, improve the service level of cooperatives, and thus improve the efficiency of farming technology.