农户感知视角下乡村旅游效应及社区归属感影响因素研究*——以延安市为例

RURAL TOURISM EFFECTS BASED ON FARMER′S PERCEPTION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SENSE OF COMMUNITY*——A CASE STUDY OF YANAN

关键词:  乡村旅游农户农户感知旅游效应社区归属感

Key words:  rural tourism  farmer  farmer′s perception  tourism effects  sense of community

摘要:

［目的］近年来，乡村振兴、旅游脱贫等政策背景下，中国乡村旅游开发如火如荼，在取得显著成效同时，乡村旅游地的人地情感关系得以重构。旅游效应是从侧面反映旅游发展状况的一种有效途径，农户感知的社区旅游效应更具有直观性与代表性； 社区归属感指社区内居民对社区地域和人群集体的心理认同、喜爱和依恋等感觉，能较好表征农户与社区的情感关系。［方法］因此，以延安3个典型乡村旅游地为例，从旅游效应切入，反映乡村旅游发展现状。基于麦克米兰（McMillan）及查维斯（Chavis）提出的归属感内涵，分析该发展现状下的社区归属感，并利用有序多分类回归分析辨析乡村旅游效应对社区归属感的具体影响因子，以期从一定层面揭示乡村旅游发展对社区归属感的影响。［结果］（1）研究区旅游效应整体表现为正向，但社区收入分配不均、社会文化氛围变差效应较明显。（2）研究区的社区归属感值与同类研究对比较低，案例地间分异较大。（3）不同类型乡村旅游地社区归属感影响因素各异，居住环境影响城市近郊型旅游地社区归属感，边远景区依托型受社会保障和邻里氛围影响更明显。［结论］总的来说，农户感知的旅游效应较好，乡村旅游通过影响农户对社区地域、社区内人群情感综合体的认同与喜爱决定社区归属感； 相较于经济效应，乡村旅游背景下环境效应与社会文化效应更主导农户的社区归属感。

Abstract:

Recently, polices, such as rural revitalization and tourism development for poverty alleviation, promote rural tourism greatly in China, which will reconstruct the human land emotional relations in tourism destination. Tourism effect is a direct way to reflect the tourism development. Sense of community, a feeling of attachment and identity to the community, can demonstrate household community emotional relations properly. This paper took three rural tourism communities in Yanan as a case study to research rural tourism development condition from perspective of tourism effects. And based on the connotation suggested by McMillian and Chavis, households′ senses of community are evaluated. Then, the specific influencing factors of the rural tourism effect on the community sense by using the ordinal multi classification regression analysis, so as to reveal the impact of rural tourism development on sense of community. The results showed that （1）The tourism effect was positive in the whole study area, but different significantly among communities. Unbalanced income distribution and worse social cultural atmosphere were obvious. （2）Sense of community was not extreme, but lower than previous results. There was a significant positive correlation between residential environment, neighborhood atmosphere and the sense of community.（3）The influencing factors varied in different types of communities. Residential environment influenced the sense of community in the suburban tourism destination, while the remote scenic area depended more on the social security and neighborhood atmosphere. Generally speaking, farmer′s perception about the rural tourism effects is good. Environmental effects and cultural effects, rather than economic effects, determines farmers′ sense of community by influencing farmers′ recognition and affection to the community and the people.