不同项目治理模式对示范区农户带动的影响*——以农业标准化示范区项目为例

IMPACT OF VARIOUS PROJECT GOVERNANCE MODELS ON SMALLHOLDERS DRIVING OF DEMONSTRATION ZONES*——EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL STANDARD DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS IN CHINA

关键词:  政府主导型市场主导型农业标准化示范项目农户带动治理模式

Key words:  government leading model  market leading model  agricultural standardization demonstration project  smallholders driving  governance model

摘要:

［目的］农业试点示范项目的实施在我国由来已久，其治理模式和制度体系正面临转型，发挥市场主体的能动性，辐射带动更多小农户参与标准化生产，尤为重要。［方法］以农业标准化示范项目为例，探讨示范项目治理模式的转型及对示范区农户的带动机理，并基于301个示范区的调研数据，实证分析不同项目治理模式对示范区农户带动的影响。［结果］我国农业标准化示范项目正在经历从政府主导模式向市场主导模式的转变； 市场主导的治理模式在带动农户直接参与标准化生产方面，要优于政府主导的治理模式； 具体而言，市场主导模式中，“公司+中介组织+农户+基地+标准”模式，要优于“公司+农户+基地+标准”模式。此外，该研究进一步发现，农业标准化宣传、产业化程度、技术准入门槛、集约化程度、农业机械化水平等因素同样会影响示范区农户带动。［结论］因此，应更好地发挥市场作用，撬动更多社会资本，鼓励新型经营主体参与、承担示范项目，并提升中介组织的协调和推广能力，从而积极形成市场导向的多元治理格局。

Abstract:

In China, it is a long time to conduct the project of agricultural demonstration which is undergoing governance model and system transformation, so it is also important to stimulate ability of market organization to drive more and more smallholders participating in standardization production. This paper discussed the transformation of governance model on demonstration project and its driving mechanism for smallholders around demonstration area by taking agricultural standardization demonstration project as an example, and further analyzed its impact on smallholders based on the data of 301 pilots. The findings indicated agricultural standardization demonstration projects were undergoing a transition from a government led model to a market led model in China. The direct and indirect effect of market oriented model on smallholders was much bigger than that of government leading model; compared with "company+smallholders+base+standard", the indirect driving effect of "company+inter-mediation+smallholders+base+standard" model on smallholders in demonstration areas was much bigger. The factors affecting the smallholders driving also included standardization propaganda, length of industrial chain, threshold of agricultural technology, intensive degree, and the level of agricultural mechanization, etc．Therefore, it is important to build multiple governance pattern directed by market in means of encouraging more new types of agricultural businesses to participate and lead project, and strengthen the ability of coordination and publicity, so as to absorb more social capital into demonstration project.