我国水稻产业供给侧结构性改革的思考

THOUGHTS ON THE SUPPLY SIDE REFORM OF CHINA′S RICE INDUSTRY

关键词:  水稻结构性矛盾供给侧结构性改革空间和功能布局水稻产业链

Key words:  rice  structural contradiction  structural reform on supply side  spatial and functional distribution  rice industry chain

摘要:

［目的］文章在供给侧改革视角下对水稻供需的结构性矛盾等方面进行梳理，分析基于供给侧改革战略的关键环节、实施路径和未来发展趋势，以期为制定我国水稻供给侧改革战略提供参考。［方法］采用文献分析法和调查研究法，从我国水稻生产供求结构、价格“天花板”和成本“地板”双重挤压、水稻生产的资源环境、市场调节等方面分析了我国水稻产业供给侧的现状和存在的问题； 通过日本、泰国、中国五常大米政策特点和经验教训的启示，提出了我国水稻产业供给侧结构性改革的策略。［结果］在分析我国水稻产业供给侧现状的基础上，总结得出水稻产业供给侧改革措施：优化水稻产业空间和功能布局，以项目带动水稻产业结构调整，提高和优化稻米品种品质结构、审定标准向抗性优质专用水稻品种倾斜，因地制宜调减水稻生产面积，调整国家收储稻米标准，延长水稻全产业链等。［结论］加速我国水稻产业供给侧改革，能促进稻米产业结构快速升级，有效破解稻米产业的结构性矛盾，增强我国稻米产业可持续发展能力和国际竞争力。

Abstract:

From the perspective of supply side reform, we sort out the structural conflicts between rice supply and demand, and analyze the key links, implementation paths and future development trends of the strategy regarding supply side reform as a way to provide reference for formulating China′s strategy concerning rice supply side reform. Through literature survey and investigation, the present situation and existing problems of China′s rice industry on the supply side were analyzed including the structure of rice supply and demand, the double extrusion of price "ceiling" and cost "floor", resources and environment for rice production, and market regulation. In terms of rice industry in China, the strategy of supply side reform was put forward based on the enlightenment from the policies of rice industry in Japan, Thailand, and Wuchang city of China. Based on the analyses, some suggestions were put forward. Given the present situation of rice industry in China on supply side , the reform measures were summarized as optimizing the spatial and functional distribution, adjusting the industrial structure with projects, improving the quality of rice varieties, prioritizing rice varieties for special purpose or with high resistance and quality while determining approval standards, flexibly reducing rice production area according to the local conditions, adjusting the national standard of rice purchasement and storage, and extending the whole industrial chain of rice. Faster supply side reform of China′s rice industry can promote the upgrading of the industrial structure, effectively resolve the structural contradictions, sustain China′s rice industry and improve its international competitiveness.