农牧户生计资本对农畜产品销售渠道选择影响研究

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF LIVELIHOOD CAPITAL OF FARMERS AND HERDSMEN ON THE SELECTING OF AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK SALE CHANNELS PRODUCTS*

关键词:  农牧户生计资本农畜产品销售渠道影响因素农牧交错区

Key words:  farmers and herdsmen  livelihood capital  sale channel of agricultural and livestock products  influencing factor  farming pastoral ecotone

摘要:

［目的］优化农畜产品销售渠道，提高农牧民收入，是乡村振兴战略不可或缺的实施路径。文章通过对内蒙古农牧户生计资本进行测算与分析，探究不同生计类型农牧户生计资本与其农畜产品销售渠道选择间的互馈关系，精准识别不同类型农牧户选择销售渠道的影响因素，旨在优化民族地区乡村农畜产品流通渠道，助力民族地区乡村振兴。［方法］文章基于可持续生计理论（DFID），以微观农牧户视角，从自然资本、人力资本、物质资本、金融资本、社会资本5个维度，运用农牧户生计量化法和模糊层次分析法（FAHP）、Multivariate Logistic模型、多元线性回归实证研究。［结果］（1）不同类型农牧户生计资本存量具有显著差异，生计资本由高到低排序为：半农半牧户>纯农户>纯牧户； （2）农牧户对农畜产品销售渠道选择比例由高到低排序为：中间商、批发市场、零售市场、合作社、订单销售、超市直供，传统卖给中间商依然是内蒙古地区农畜产品流通渠道的主要模式，且不同销售渠道之间存在互补与竞争关系； （3）农牧户生计资本对其选择销售渠道具有显著影响，影响力由高到低排序为：人力资本>自然资本>金融资本>社会资本>物质资本； （4）不同维度生计资本对不同类型农牧户的农畜产品销售渠道的选择影响程度具有显著差异，影响农牧户选择销售渠道的首要因子是人力资本，影响牧户选择的首要因子是金融资本，影响半农半牧户选择的首要因子是社会资本与人力资本。［结论］该文提出基于农牧户生计资本视角的民族地区乡村农畜产品销售渠道优化对策与建议，一定程度上破解了不同类型农牧户在农畜产品销售渠道选择时遇到的困境。

Abstract:

Optimizing the sale channel of agricultural and livestock products and increasing farmers′ income are an indispensable way to implement the rural revitalization strategy. Through calculating and analyzing the livelihood capital of farmers and herdsmen in Inner Mongolia region, this paper explores the mutual feed relationship between the livelihood capital of different livelihood types of farmers and livestock and the selection of sale channel of farm and livestock products, and accurately identifies the influencing factors of different types of farmers and herdsmen′s selecting of sale channel, so as to optimize the sale channel of agricultural and livestock products in ethnic areas, and help the rural revitalization in ethnic areas. Based on the theory of sustainable livelihoods (DFID), and from the perspective of micro peasant households, this research adopted the quantitative method, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), multivariate logistic model and multiple linear regression to study the livelihood of farmers and herdsmen from 5 dimensions, namely natural capital, human capital, material capital, financial capital and social capital. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the capital stock of different types of farmers and herdsmen, the order of livelihood capital from high to low was half farmers and semi herdsmen, pure farmers and pure herdsmen. (2) The proportion of farmers and herdsmen selected the sale channel of agricultural and livestock products from high to low was middleman, wholesale market, retail market, cooperative, order sale, supermarket direct supply. Traditional sale to middlemen was still the main mode of sale channel of agricultural and livestock products in Inner Mongolia area, and there was the relationship of complementarity and competition with sales channels. (3) The livelihood capital had a significant impact on the selecting of the sale channels for farmers, and the influence from high to low was human capital, natural capital, financial capital, social capital and material capital. (4) Different dimensions of livelihood capital had significant differences in the selecting of sale channels of agricultural and livestock products for different types of farmers and herdsmen. The primary factor affecting the choice of sale channels for farmers and herdsmen was human capital. The most important factor affecting the choice of herdsmen was financial capital. The most important factors affecting the choice of farm herdsman were social capital and human capital. Based on the perspective of livelihood capital of farmers and herdsmen, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions on optimizing the sale channel of agricultural and livestock products in ethnic areas, which solves the difficulties encountered by different types of farmers and herdsmen in the selecting of sale channel of agricultural and livestock products.