我国农业高质量发展评价指标体系构建与评估

INDEX CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN CHINA

关键词:  农业高质量发展指标体系综合评价区域差异

Key words:  high quality development of agriculture  index system  comprehensive assessment  regional differences

摘要:

［目的］农业高质量发展是实施质量兴农战略的总目标，是落实乡村振兴的重要举措。［方法］在系统阐释农业高质量发展内涵的基础上，文章构建了产品质量、产业效益、生产效率、经营者素质、国际竞争力、农民收入、绿色发展等7个维度23个指标的农业高质量评价指标体系，并基于2016年省际数据分析了我国农业高质量发展情况。［结果］除上海、山东以及天津等部分省市外，我国农业高质量发展水平整体偏低，且存在显著的地区差异，整体呈现东高西低的趋势，其中上海的综合得分最高，山西综合得分最低； 各省在产品质量、产业效益及国际竞争力维度的地区差距明显，而在经营者素质、生产效率、农民收入、绿色发展水平维度差异不显著。我国农业高质量发展与经济发展水平、城镇化发展水平显著正相关，其次人力资本和农业投资的增加也会有效提升我国农业高质量发展水平，而农业资源禀赋的影响并不显著。［结论］应充分发挥现代农业产业园的龙头效应，发挥地区农业比较优势、提高农产品国际竞争力，采取有效措施提高农民的文化素质，加强农业社会化服务体系建设提升地区农业生产效率，以促进我国农业的高质量发展。

Abstract:

The high quality development of agriculture is the overall goal of realizing the strategy of quality agriculture and is an important measure to implement rural revitalization. On the basis of systematically explaining the connotation of high quality development of agriculture, this paper constructed agricultural high quality evaluation indicators with 23 indicators of seven dimensions: product quality, industrial efficiency, production efficiency, managerial quality, international competitiveness, farmers′ income and green development. Based on the inter provincial data of 2016, the high quality development of China′s agriculture was analyzed. The results showed that except for Shanghai, Shandong and Tianjin, the overall level of high quality development of agriculture in China was low, and there were significant regional differences, and the overall trend was high in the east and low in the west. Shanghai had the highest comprehensive score and Shanxi had the lowest comprehensive score. There were obvious regional disparities in product quality, industrial efficiency and international competitiveness among the provinces, but there were no significant differences in the dimensions of quality, production efficiency, farmers′ income and green development level. The high quality development of agriculture in China was positively correlated with the level of economic development and urbanization development. Secondly, the increase of human capital and agricultural investment will effectively improve the level of high quality development of agriculture in China. However, the impact of agricultural resources endowment was not significant. In order to improve the level of high quality development of agriculture in China, the following suggestions are put forward: giving full play to the leading effect of modern agricultural parks; playing the comparative advantages of regional agriculture and improving the international competitiveness of agricultural products; taking effective measures to improve the cultural quality of farmers; and strengthening the construction of agricultural socialized service system to enhance the efficiency of regional agricultural production.