深度贫困地区多维贫困治理绩效研究*——以四省藏区为例

RESEARCH ON MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE IN DEEP POVERTY AREAS*——A CASE STUDY OF TIBETAN AREAS IN FOUR PROVINCES

关键词:  深度贫困四省藏区多维贫困治理成效基础教育

Key words:  deep poverty  Tibetan areas in four provinces  multidimensional poverty  governance effectiveness  basic education

摘要:

［目的］我国贫困治理正在由单一驱动转变为多维治理，对四省藏区的多维贫困治理绩效展开测度与分解，不仅有助于更加清晰地认识当前阶段四省藏区贫困治理的现状与短板，而且有利于对深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚工作提供明确的参考。［方法］借鉴A-F多维贫困测量方法，提出多维贫困治理的测量方法，利用四省藏区484份农户调查数据，对四省藏区农户的多维贫困治理绩效进行测量与分解。［结果］四省藏区收入和住房维度的治理绩效突出，但在居住环境、教育和医疗意识维度表现出来的现代伦理思想差距明显； 青海藏区多维贫困治理绩效最高，云南藏区排名靠后，主要受居住环境和医疗意识维度限制； 户主受教育年限与多维贫困治理绩效成正比。［结论］四省藏区多维贫困治理绩效显著，主要体现在经济收入与基础设施方面，但贫困农户的现代思想与发展意识还较为匮乏。因此，一方面，在安排教育、住房、医疗等项目时，不能单纯追求数字层面或指标层面的脱贫，应当辅以相应现代思想的教育引导，转变贫困农户的落后陈旧意识，并将其作为脱贫攻坚的重要手段。另一方面，把基础教育作为解决四省藏区深度贫困问题的突破口，在普及义务教育的同时，采取有效的举措重点解决学生不愿意进入高中阶段学习的问题，并转变陈旧的子女教育观念，以防止教育维度的代际传递。

Abstract:

The poverty alleviation work enters the current stage, and it is necessary to focus on solving the problem of deep poverty. China′s poverty governance is changing from a single drive to a multi dimensional governance. The measurement and decomposition of the multi dimensional poverty governance performance in the four provinces′ Tibetan areas not only helps us more clearly understand the current situation and shortcomings of the poverty governance in the four provinces′ Tibetan areas, and it is helpful to provide reference for the poverty alleviation work in the deeply impoverished areas. This paper drew on the A F multidimensional poverty measurement method and proposed a multidimensional poverty management measurement method. With 484 survey data of farmers in four provinces′ Tibetan areas, the multidimensional poverty management performance of farmers in the four provinces′ Tibetan areas was measured and decomposed. The results showed that the governance performance in the income and housing dimensions of Tibetan areas in the four provinces was outstanding, but the gap in modern ethical thinking in the dimensions of living environment, education and medical awareness was obvious; Qinghai Tibetan areas had the highest multidimensional poverty governance performance, and Yunnan Tibetan areas ranked low, mainly restricted by the living environment and medical awareness dimensions; the education period of the head of the household was directly proportional to the performance of multidimensional poverty management. The performance of multidimensional poverty management in Tibetan areas in the four provinces is remarkable, mainly reflected in economic income and infrastructure, but the modern thinking and development awareness of poor farmers is still relatively lacking. Therefore, on the one hand, when arranging projects such as education, housing, medical care, etc., we cannot simply pursue poverty alleviation at the digital level or indicator level, and it is necessary to change the backward and outdated awareness of poor farmers and take it as an important means to alleviate poverty. On the other hand, taking basic education as a breakthrough to solve the problem of deep poverty in Tibetan areas in the four provinces. When popularizing compulsory education, it should take effective measures to focus on solving the problem of students′ reluctance to enter high school and change the old concept of children′s education, so as to prevent the intergenerational transmission of educational dimensions.