全国特色小镇空间分布特征及影响因素

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF NATIONAL CHARMING TOWNS

关键词:  特色小镇城镇体系空间分布空间分析影响因素

Key words:  charming town  town system  spatial distribution  spatial analysis  influencing factors

摘要:

［目的］建设特色小镇是我国小城镇发展进入新阶段的重要战略，有必要从全国尺度上研究其空间分布特征，为小城镇空间体系空间布局优化提供科学依据。［方法］通过空间分析和计量分析等方法，研究了住房城乡建设部认定的全国特色小镇的空间分布特征。［结果］各省经济发展与特色小镇培育与存在省际差异，上海等4省市地方经济发展与特色小镇培育共进，宁夏等5省区特色小镇培育领先于地方经济发展。特色小镇的空间分布较均衡，体现出“整体分散、局部集中”的特征，区域间均衡性低于省际间均衡性。长三角城市群、长江中游城市群和京津冀城市群的特色小镇数量最多，中原城市群、哈长城市群和北部湾城市群的特色小镇数量占比明显滞后于区域内人口占比。从文化地理区划角度，吴越、荆湘和岭南文化副区的特色小镇数量最多。自然生态要素上，低海拔平原区域特色小镇最多； 712%的小镇与自然水体临近； 国家重点生态功能区内的特色小镇数量相对偏低。［结论］省级行政区划下的特色小镇分布均衡性较高，同时也与经济发展、文化沉淀和生态功能等因素密切相关。

Abstract:

Charming town strategy is an important policy for the development of small towns in China. It is necessary to study their spatial distribution characteristics from a national scale, so as to provide a scientific basis for the optimization of town system spatial pattern. Through spatial analysis and quantitative analysis methods, the spatial distribution characteristics of charming towns identified by Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development were systematically analyzed. It was found that there were interprovincial differences between economic performance and charming town fostering, while Shanghai and other 3 provinces had high speed of local economy and charming town fostering, but the charming town fostering of Ningxia and other 4 provinces overstepped their economy. The spatial distribution of the charming town was relatively balanced, which reflected the characteristics of dispersion wholly and concentration locally, and the equilibrium of interregional was lower than interprovincial. The amounts of charming towns in the Urban Agglomerations on the Yangtze River Delta, the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River and Beijing Tianjin Hebei were the largest, while the proportions of charming towns in Urban Agglomerations on Zhongyuan Region, Harbin Changchun Region and Beibu Gulf was significantly smaller than proportion of population in these regions. From the cultural geographic divisions, the amounts of charming towns in Wu Yue, Jing Xiang and South of the Five Ridges cultural sub areas were the most. From the natural ecological aspect, most of the charming towns were in the low altitude plain area; 71.2% of the towns were close to natural water bodies; the amount of charming towns within the National Key Ecological Function Areas was relatively low. The distribution of charming towns under the provincial administrative division is relatively balanced, and it is also closely related to factors such as economic development, cultural precipitation and ecological functions.