我国小宗农产品国际贸易现状与趋势分析

ANALYSIS ON THE CURRENT SITUATION AND TREND OF CHINA′S SPECIAL CROPS INTERNATIONAL TRADE

关键词:  小宗农产品国际贸易对外依存度进出口结构机遇与挑战

Key words:  special crops  international trade  degree of dependence on foreign trade  structure of import and export  opportunities and challenges

摘要:

［目的］随着国内小宗农产品需求缺口的不断扩大，进口量逐年增加，在农产品消费结构中的地位日益提升，小宗农产品的进出口已经成为我国农产品国际贸易的重要组成部分。［方法］采用统计分析的方法，在小宗农产品行业属性及产业基础上，通过净进口量计算小宗农产品的对外依存度，并分析我国小宗农产品在世界同类产品中的贸易比重以及进出口贸易国别结构。［结果］我国小宗农产品产量有限，无法满足国内消费需求，使得净进口规模不断扩大，贸易对外依存度日益提升； 小宗农产品进口金额占世界比例不断提高，而出口占比逐渐下降； 小宗农产品进口来源国主要集中于美国、澳大利亚和加拿大3国，进口金额巨大，市场集中度高，潜在贸易风险较大，出口目的地国集中在日本、韩国等周边亚洲近邻国家，小宗农产品出口辐射力有限，缺乏国际竞争力。［结论］在此基础上总结了我国小宗农产品贸易面临的机遇和挑战，并对此提出相应的对策和建议。

Abstract:

With the continuous expansion of the demand gap and import volume of domestic special crops products, the status in the consumption structure of agricultural products is increasing day by day, the import and export of special crops products has become an important part of the international trade in China′s agricultural products. Using statistical analysis methods, based on the industrial features and basis of special crops, we used net import to calculate the degree of dependence on foreign trade of special crops, and analyzed the proportion of special crops in other similar products in the world as well as structure of the countries that it imported and exported. Our analysis found that: the output of special crops in China was limited, hence, could not afford domestic demand of consumption, which in turn increased the scale of net import, and the degree of dependence on foreign trade; the importation proportion of special crops to that of the world was constantly increasing; whilst the exportation proportion was gradually declining; the importation of special crops was mainly from the United States, Australia and Canada. The import amount was huge, the market concentration was high and the potential trade risk was large. Last but not least, the export destination countries concentrated on neighbor countries in Asia such as Japan and South Korea, the ability of export of special crops is limited and lack of international competition. Based on these results, we summarize the opportunities and challenges facing the international trade of special crops in China, and then we try to put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.