田园综合体建设对农户生计恢复力的影响*——以重庆市忠县为例

IMPACT OF RURAL COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION ON FARMERS′ LIVELIHOOD RESILIENCE*——TAKING ZHONGXIAN COUNTY, CHONGQING AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  田园综合体生计恢复力农户影响因素障碍度模型

Key words:  rural complex  livelihood resilience  farmer  influencing factors  obstacle degree model

摘要:

［目的］田园综合体作为探索城乡一体化及乡村新型发展的新模式，从生计恢复力视角探讨田园综合体政策实施背景下农户生计可持续发展的内生动力具有重要意义。［方法］文章基于生计恢复力理论框架，构建农户生计恢复力指标体系，研究利用实地抽样调查的413份农户家庭数据，采用熵值法对各指标权重进行测算，进而量化分析忠县“三峡橘乡”田园综合体实施区新立镇与未实施区拔山镇农户生计恢复力值。同时对比分析了两地农户生计恢复力值及各维度指标值差异； 并利用障碍度模型对影响生计恢复力的障碍因子进行识别。［结果］（1）研究区农户生计恢复力水平整体偏低，两镇农户生计恢复力水平差距较小，但实施区新立镇农户生计恢复力水平内部差异较大。（2）田园综合体政策实施对提升农户的缓冲能力和学习能力有显著效果，但在自组织能力提升上暂未发现明显改善。（3）在影响两镇农户生计恢复力的因子中，农户社会参与及学习机制存在较大障碍，区域间未见显著差异。［结论］田园综合体政策实施有助于提升农户生计恢复力水平，但农户在社会参与及学习层面仍有较大不足，建议在地区建设中应加大对农户无形资产的投入，关注农户自组织能力的提升。

Abstract:

With the rural complex as a new model for exploring urban rural integration and an emerging development pattern in rural areas，and it is of great significance to explore the endogenous power of the sustainable development for the farmers′ livelihoods in the perspective of livelihood resilience under the policy of rural complex. Based on theoretical framework of livelihood resilience, index system about the livelihood resilience was constructed due to the 413 surveys collected in the objective area, entropy evaluation method was applied into the calculation in order to make the quantitative analysis of the livelihood resilience of in Xinli town and Bashan town. Meanwhile, the livelihood resilience in the targeted areas and the differences among the dimensions were analyzed by comparison, and barrier factors against the livelihood resilience were analyzed on the basis of the obstruction model. The results were found as follows.（1）The research areas including Xinli town and Bashan town, the livelihood resilience was lower and there were minor differences between the two towns. While there was great difference in terms of the internal indexed in Xinli town. （2）The practice of rural complex made significant efforts in improving the buffer capacity and learning capacity, while there was no obvious significant improvement in self organized ability.（3）In terms of the factors that make influence on the livelihood resilience, there were major obstacles in social engagement and learning mechanism, and there were no obvious difference in the relative areas. The policy of the rural complex contributes to improving livelihood resilience, while there are still weakness in terms of social engagement and learning system，and it is suggested that more investment in intangible assets to the farmers should be made and more attention to self organized ability should be paid in the process of local construction.