陕西省主要粮食作物种植结构时空变化特征分析

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIN GRAIN CROP PLANTING STRUCTURES IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  粮食安全种植结构空间分布陕西高效农业

Key words:  food security  planting structure  spatial distribution  Shaanxi  efficient agriculture

摘要:

［目的］探究粮食作物种植结构时空分布特征，有利于进一步优化生产布局，对保障粮食的安全可持续生产具有重要意义。［方法］文章通过对1991—2016年陕西省主要粮食作物种植结构相关数据进行收集、整理和量化分析，探究主要粮食作物（小麦、玉米、水稻）种植面积的演变特征。采用标准差和变异系数探究各地粮食作物种植面积差异的波动性。进一步采用比较分析法和空间分析法研究粮食总种植面积、小麦和玉米种植面积的空间分布格局，并分析粮食作物种植面积的区域集中倾向与单产之间的相关性。［结果］（1）1991—2006年陕西省农作物总播种面积呈现波动性递减的趋势，2007—2016年整体呈现增长的趋势。整个研究阶段内，粮食作物种植面积及所占比重呈现递减的趋势。（2）1991—2005年小麦的种植面积及所占比重均呈现显著递减的趋势，2006—2016年小麦的种植面积稳定在1080万~1182万hm2，所占比重维持在45％～50％。1991—2008年玉米的种植面积波动相对较大，2009—2016年基本稳定在110万~120万hm2，种植面积所占比重整体呈递增趋势。稻谷种植面积及所占比重相对变化较小。（3）整体看，研究阶段内，陕西省各地区粮食作物总种植面积、小麦和玉米种植面积所占比重均变化不大，但地域间存在较大差异，其中榆林、渭南和咸阳粮食作物总种植面积所占比重较高。渭南、咸阳、西安、宝鸡等中部各市小麦和玉米种植分布最广。单产优势是陕西省粮食种植区域集中的一个重要原因。［结论］陕西省粮食作物种植面积有所降低，但各地之间的差异趋于稳定，粮食作物主要分布在关中平原地区，如何充分利用关中地区粮食种植集中优势，坚持粮食安全和现代高效农业相统一，对不断提高粮食核心竞争力至关重要。

Abstract:

Exploring the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the planting structure of food crops is conducive to further optimizing the production layout and is of great significance for ensuring the safe and sustainable production of food. The study collected, collated and quantified the data of the main food crop planting structures in Shaanxi province from 1991 to 2016, and explored the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the main food crops (wheat, corn, rice). The standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to explore the volatility of the differences in planting area of food crops in various cities. Further, the comparative analysis method and spatial analysis method were used to study the spatial distribution pattern of total grain planting area, wheat and corn planting area, and to analyze the correlation between regional concentration tendency and yield of grain crop planting area. The results showed that from 1991 to 2006, the total sown area of crops in Shaanxi province showed a trend of decreasing volatility. From 2007 to 2016, the overall growth trend was increasing. During the whole research period, the area and proportion of food crops showed a decreasing trend. From 1991 to 2005, the planting area and proportion of wheat showed a significant decreasing trend. From 2006 to 2016, the planting area of wheat was stable between 1 080 and 1 182 thousand hm2, and the proportion maintained in 45%~50%. From 1991 to 2008, the planting area of corn fluctuated relatively large. From 2009 to 2016, it was basically stable between 1 100 and 1 200 thousand hm2. The proportion of planting area showed an increasing trend. The area of rice planting and its proportion had changed relatively little. Overall, during the research period, the proportion of total grain planting area, wheat and corn planting area in Shaanxi province did not change much, but there were large differences among regions, including the total planting area of Yulin, Weinan and Xianyang food crops. The proportion was higher. The distribution of wheat and corn in the central cities of Weinan, Xianyang, Xi′an and Baoji was the most widespread. The advantage of yield was an important reason for the concentration of grain planting areas in Shaanxi province. The planting area of grain crops in Shaanxi province decrease, but the differences between the provinces have stabilized. The food crops are mainly distributed in the Guanzhong plain. How to make full use of the advantages of grain planting in Guanzhong area, and insist on the unity of food security and modern high efficiency agriculture. And it is crucial to continuously improve the core competitiveness of food.