叶尔羌河平原绿洲耕地利用转型与粮食产量耦合关系研究

THE COUPLING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TRANSFORMATION OF CULTIVATED LAND UTILIZATION AND GRAIN YIELD IN YARKANT RIVER PLAIN OASIS

关键词:  耕地利用转型粮食产量时空格局耦合关系叶尔羌河平原绿洲

Key words:  cultivated land use transformation  grain yield  spatial and temporal pattern  coupling relation  Yarkant River Plain Oasis

摘要:

［目的］为了解叶尔羌河平原绿洲耕地利用变化与粮食产量的耦合关系，以此优化粮食生产系统的指导方式，提高叶尔羌河平原绿洲粮食产量，协调叶尔羌河平原绿洲耕地利用转型与粮食产量的耦合关系，并为叶尔羌河平原绿洲的粮食安全保护提供一定的政策启示。［方法］文章运用熵值法，以粮食生产相关的“投入”指标为评价依据，耕地利用强度由地均化肥使用强度、有效灌溉比例、复种指数及地均农业机械化水平等4个指标构成，以及利用1990—2016年叶尔羌河平原绿洲粮食产量，分析其耕地利用转型和粮食产量耦合关系时空变化。［结果］(1)1990—2016年叶尔羌河平原绿洲各县耕地利用强度不断增大，并且区域时空格局差异明显，研究初期东北部地区的耕地利用程度强于西部地区，而2016年呈现出西南—中东部强，东北部弱的态势； 从粮食产量方面来看，叶尔羌河平原绿洲粮食产量整体有所增长，空间分异特征较不明显；(2)耕地利用强度—粮食产量耦合类型时空演化特征明显，高耦合值区增加，低耦合区值逐年减少； 从空间上看，叶尔羌河平原绿洲西部地区耕地利用转型与粮食产量耦合度越来越高。(3)耕地利用转型推动粮食生产格局不断演化，叶尔羌河平原绿洲耕地利用转型与粮食产量耦合度在1990—2016年呈现耦合度逐渐增加的趋势，耕地利用转型对保障区域粮食安全具有重要作用。［结论］叶尔羌河平原绿洲粮食产量随着耕地利用转型的不断深入而不断提高，耕地利用转型对粮食安全具有有利影响。

Abstract:

In order to understand the coupling relationship between cultivated land use change and grain yield in Yarkant River Plain, we can optimize the guiding mode of grain production system and increase the grain yield in the oasis of Yarkant River Plain, coordinate the coupling relationship between cultivated land use transformation and grain yield in the oasis of Yarkant River Plain, and provide some policy inspiration for the protection of food security in the oasis of Yarkant River Plain. In this paper, the entropy method was used to evaluate the relative "input" index of grain production, the utilization intensity of cultivated land was composed of four indexes, the intensity of chemical fertilizer use, the effective irrigation ratio, the index of multiple cropping and the level of agricultural mechanization, the temporal and spatial changes of the coupling relationship between cultivated land use transition and grain yield were analyzed by using the grain yield of oasis in the Yarkant River Plain from 1990 to 2016.The results were showed as followed. ①From 1990 to 2016, the intensity of cultivated land use in the oasis counties of the Yarkant River Plain was increasing, and the regional spatial and temporal patterns were obviously different. In the early stage of the study, the degree of cultivated land utilization in the northeast was stronger than that in the west, but in 2016, it was stronger in the southwest to the central and eastern regions. The weak situation in the northeast; In terms of grain yield, the grain yield of the oasis in the Yarkant River Plain increased as a whole, and the spatial differentiation characteristics were not obvious. ②The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the coupling types of cultivated land use intensity and grain yield were obvious, the area of high coupling value increased, and the value of low coupling area decreased year by year. From the spatial point of view, the coupling degree between cultivated land use transformation and grain yield was higher and higher in the western oasis of Yarkant River Plain. ③The transformation of cultivated land utilization promoted the evolution of grain production pattern, and the coupling degree between cultivated land use transformation and grain yield in Yarkant River Plain was gradually increasing from 1990 to 2016. The transformation of cultivated land use played an important role in ensuring regional food security. The grain yield of the oasis in the Yarkant River Plain is increasing with the development of cultivated land use transformation, which has a beneficial effect on the food security.