京津冀农业一、二、三产业区域比较优势分析

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ANALYSIS OF THE PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND SERVIECE SECTOR OF AGRICULTURE IN BEIJING TIANJIN HEBEI REGION

关键词:  京津冀农业农业协同发展区位商比较优势

Key words:  agriculture in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region  coordinate development of agriculture  location quotient  comparative advantage

摘要:

［目的］研究京津冀三地农业发展现状和专业化优势，是构建优势互补、互利共赢的京津冀农业协同发展格局的基础和关键。［方法］文章采用区位商法，基于2011—2018年京津冀三地农业相关数据，计算京津冀农业一、二、三产业的区位商，并对其专业化生产优势和劣势进行比较分析。［结果］研究发现，在农林牧渔业及其内部产业方面，河北具有专业化生产优势，而北京和天津都不具有； 在农副食品加工业方面，天津和河北具有专业化生产优势，北京不具有； 在休闲农业方面，北京和天津具有专业化生产优势，但2015年之后北京的优势已丧失，2016年之后河北开始具有专业化优势； 在农林牧渔服务业方面，河北具有较强的专业化生产优势，北京和天津不具有专业化优势。从三地自身产业比较，北京具有专业化优势的产业是林业； 天津具有专业化优势的产业是渔业、农副产品加工业和休闲农业； 目前河北农业一、二、三产业均具备专业化生产优势，且部分产业优势明显。京津冀作为一个整体，其农业一、二、三产业的区位商均小于1，不具有专业化生产优势，区域内的农产品市场供给对外部的依赖性较强。［结论］最后，基于分析结果，提出京津冀农业协同发展的具体建议。

Abstract:

The research on the status of agricultural development and specialization advantages of Beijing, Tianjin municipality and Hebei province is the foundation and key to constructing the pattern of agricultural coordinated development with complementary advantages and mutual benefit and win win results. Based on the agricultural data from 2011 to 2018, this paper calculated agricultural location quotients of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei and compared their specialized production advantages by the location quotient method. Some conclusions were got as follows. In agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and its internal industry, Hebei had the advantage of specialized production, while Beijing and Tianjin did not. In the agricultural and sideline food processing industry, Tianjin and Hebei had the advantage of specialized production, but Beijing did not. In leisure agriculture, Beijing and Tianjin had the advantage of professional production, but after 2015, Beijing′s advantage had been lost, and Hebei began to gain advantage after 2016. In terms of services of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, Hebei had strong advantage in specialized production, while Beijing and Tianjin did not. Compared with the industries in three regions, the professional advantages industries in Beijing were forestry and leisure agriculture, which in Tianjin was fishery, processing of agricultural and sideline products and leisure agriculture, and Hebei had obvious professional advantages in all sectors in agriculture. The location quotient of Beijing Tianjin Hebei region as a whole was all less than 1 in the primary, secondary and service sector in agriculture, and the agriculture in the region did not have the advantage of specialized production, so the supply of agricultural products was highly dependent on external regions. Finally, according to the results, the paper put forward several proposals for the coordinated development of agriculture in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region.