我国肉牛养殖环境效率及影响因素分析

ANALYSIS ON ECO-EFFICIENCY AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF BEEF CATTLE IN CHINA

关键词:  肉牛养殖  环境效率  养殖粪污  SBM模型  影响因素

Key words:  beef cattle breeding  eco-efficiency  livestock manure  SBM model  influencing factors

摘要:

目的 当前我国正处在食物消费结构转型升级背景下，牛肉需求量持续上升，同时环保约束日益趋紧、牛肉进口量不断攀升等使得我国肉牛产业面临严峻挑战。因此提升肉牛养殖环境效率、探究影响环境效率的关键因素，对稳定牛肉市场供给、促进肉牛产业的健康持续发展十分关键。方法 文章利用1997—2017年投入产出数据，借助考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM模型对黑龙江、河南、宁夏、陕西和新疆5省区肉牛养殖环境效率进行测算，分析其时空分布特征，探究影响肉牛养殖环境效率的重要因素。结果 1997—2017年我国肉牛养殖的环境效率均值为0.954 7，不同地区的环境效率存在显著差异，河南、黑龙江和宁夏处在高值区域，而陕西和新疆处在低值区域。物质劳动生产率、疫病风险以及饲料结构均对肉牛养殖环境效率具有显著影响。结论 （1）肉牛养殖的环境效率存在一定的空间差异，因此在各省区在贯彻执行中央政府统一政策部署的条件下，应当根据自身实际，因地制宜制定有利于提高当地肉牛养殖环境效率的相关政策。（2）物质劳动生产率对肉牛养殖环境效率具有显著正向影响，而疫病风险和饲料结构对其产生显著的负向影响，因此鼓励提高物质劳动生产率、防范并降低疫病风险、科学改善饲料结构将有利于提升肉牛养殖的环境效率。

Abstract:

China is in the context of the transformation and upgrading of food consumption structure. The demand for beef continues to rise. At the same time，the increasingly tight environmental protection constraints and the continuous increase in beef imports have made China's beef cattle industry face severe challenges. Therefore，improving the efficiency of beef cattle breeding environment and exploring the key factors affecting environmental efficiency are crucial to stabilize the supply of beef market and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the beef cattle industry. Using the input-output data from 1997 to 2017，the super-efficiency SBM model considering unexpected output was used to measure the environmental efficiency of beef cattle breeding in Heilongjiang，Henan，Ningxia，Shaanxi and Xinjiang (autonomous regions)，and analyzed its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics to explore the influencing factors affecting the environmental efficiency of beef cattle breeding. The results showed that the average environmental efficiency of beef cattle breeding in China from 1997 to 2017 was 0.954 7. There were significant differences in environmental efficiency in different regions. Henan，Heilongjiang and Ningxia were in high value areas，while Shaanxi and Xinjiang were in low value areas. Material labor productivity，disease risk and feed structure had a significant impact on the environmental efficiency of beef cattle breeding. In conclusion，there are some spatial differences in the environmental efficiency of beef cattle farming，so under the conditions of the implementation of the unified policy of central government in the provinces /autonomous regions，relevant policies should be formulated according to their own reality，which are conducive to improving the environmental efficiency of beef cattle farming in the region. In addition，material labor productivity has a significant positive effect on the environmental efficiency of beef cattle culture，and the risk of epidemic disease and feed structure have a significant negative impact on it，so encouraging to improve material labor productivity，prevent and reduce the risk of disease，scientific improvement of feed structure will be conducive to improving the environmental efficiency of beef cattle.