中国农产品贸易角色变迁：1949—2019

THE CHANGING ROLE OF CHINA′S AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TRADE FROM 1949 TO 2019

关键词:  农业  出口创汇  调剂余缺  资源配置  对外开放

Key words:  agriculture  earning foreign exchange through export  regulating surplus and deficiency  resource allocation  opening up

摘要:

目的 中国是农产品生产大国，同时也是农产品消费大国和贸易大国。1949—2019年中国农产品对外贸易历经70年的风雨，其在不同的历史阶段扮演着举足轻重的角色，通过回顾与总结农产品贸易发展历史，为未来中国农产品贸易发展提供经验借鉴。方法 通过查阅历史文献，运用详实的历史统计数据进行分析。结果 以重大历史事件为节点，将1949年以来农产品贸易发展史划分为3个阶段：即1949年至改革开放前夕、改革开放至入世前夕、入世至今。对应地，农产品贸易在中国经济发展中的主要角色被归纳为出口创汇、出口创汇与调剂余缺、优化资源配置与全面对外开放。文章着重探讨了各个阶段农产品贸易角色变迁的缘由、农产品贸易的特点。结论 回顾70年农业贸易发展历史，中国农业贸易发展成就瞩目，发展历程艰辛曲折，中国现有农业贸易结构是发挥比较优势的产物，未来农业的发展以及农业贸易的开展，仍需遵循比较优势原理开展。

Abstract:

China is a major producer of agricultural products and a major consumer of agricultural products and a major trading country. From 1949 to 2019, China's agricultural products had traded for 70 years, and it played a pivotal role in different historical stages. This study is intended to provide reference for the future development of China's agricultural trade by reviewing and summarizing the history of agricultural trade development. Through the review of historical documents and the use of detailed historical statistics, and taking major historical events as the node, the history of agricultural trade development since the founding of the People's Republic of China was divided into three stages, from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the eve of reform and opening up, the reform and opening up to the eve of WTO accession, and the accession to the WTO; Correspondingly, the main role of agricultural trade in China's economic development was summarized as export earning, export earning and adjustment of surplus, optimizing resource allocation and comprehensive opening up. This research focused on the reasons for the changes in the role of agricultural products trade at various stages and the characteristics of agricultural trade. In conclusion, looking back on the history of agricultural trade development in the past 70 years, we can see that China's agricultural trade has made remarkable achievements and experienced arduous and tortuous develop road. The formation of China's current agricultural trade structure is the result of its comparative advantage, the development of agriculture and agricultural trade in the future still need to follow the principle of comparative advantages.