典型区域地膜使用及回收再利用情况的调查分析基于河北、内蒙古、四川调研数据

INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS ON THE USE AND RECYCLING OF PLASTIC FILM IN TYPICAL REGIONS*——BASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF HEBEI, INNER MONGOLIA AND SICHUAN

关键词:  典型区域  地膜使用  地膜残留  回收  再利用

Key words:  typical areas  the use of plastic film  residual plastic film  retrieve  reuse

摘要:

目的 地膜是我国农业的重要生产资料之一，覆膜种植技术的广泛应用在带来农作物增产、品质增效、农民增收的同时，也带来了一系列的污染问题，如“白色污染”等。为进一步提高农田地膜回收利用的比例、减少残膜对生态环境污染、促进农业绿色健康可持续发展，文章对地膜覆盖大省——河北、内蒙古、四川的地膜使用及回收再利用情况进行了调研。方法 文章从地膜使用情况、地膜残留、地膜回收、农户认知程度等角度分析典型地区的地膜使用及回收、区域性的补贴情况等。结果 通过对调研数据的整理分析发现，目前存在新国标地膜市场占比不高、地膜回收利用产业市场化运行难度大、农户购买国标地膜和主动回收地膜的积极性不高等问题。结论 为加强地膜回收、推进地膜污染治理，需要从源头控制，加强全程监管。据此提出加强地膜市场监管、探索回收补贴政策、拓展媒介宣传渠道的建议。

Abstract:

Plastic film is one of the important means of agricultural production in China. The wide application of plastic film mulching technology has brought about a series of pollution problems, such as "white pollution" while increasing crop yields, improving products quality and increasing farmers' income. In order to further increase the proportion of plastic film recycling in farmland, reduce the pollution of plastic film residues on the ecological environment, and promote the green, healthy and sustainable development of agriculture. In this paper, a wide range of baseline surveys were conducted in the provinces covered with plastic film. The utilization and recycling of agricultural film in Hebei province, the Nei Monggol Autonomous Region and Sichuan province were investigated. The research methods of this paper were mainly from the following aspects: at present, the use of agricultural film, residues of mulching film and its recovery and reuse, farmers' cognition of plastic film, and the channels for farmers to buy plastic film. There were five perspectives on the subsidy policy and the subsidy quota for mulching. The typical patterns of plastic film use and recycling and regional subsidy policies in the three provinces and regions investigated were analyzed in detail. Through the collation and analysis of the baseline survey data which were collected through investigation in Hebei province, the Nei Monggol Autonomous Region and Sichuan province by people in the research group, it was found that there were still a series of problems in the use of agricultural film at present in China. For example, the market share of the new national standard plastic film was relatively low. It was much more difficult to operate a market-oriented business model for the recovery and recycling of residual membranes. And the farmers who used plastic film lack the initiative to purchase national standard plastic film and recycle it. Therefore, in order to alleviate the pollution of ecological environment which caused by agricultural film residue in soil, the governments and the relevant departments are required to control it from the source. For the use and circulation of mulch, insist on efficient substitution and end-use, and great efforts have been made in the supervision of the whole process of the film. To solve the problem of ecological environment pollution caused by plastic film gradually, and based on the above methods, the following suggestions are put forward: strengthen the supervision and management of the plastic film market by relevant departments, actively explore the subsidy quota and policy for the recovery and reuse of residual film, efforts should be made to expand new media and other publicity channels.