山西省农业废弃物肥料化利用绩效研究基于三阶段DEA模型的有机肥企业管理

FERTILIZER UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE* ——BASED ON ORGANIC FERTILIZER INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT WITH THREE-STAGE DEA MODL

关键词:  农业废弃物  肥料化利用生产效率  三阶段DEA模型  SFA回归  财政补贴

Key words:  agriculture waste  fertilizer utilization  production efficiency  three-stage DEA model  SFA regression  financial subsidy

摘要:

目的 农业废弃物的肥料化利用不仅能提高其农业价值，还有助于循环经济的实现。因此，分析有机肥企业的生产效率及其影响因素，并提出促进农业废弃物肥料化利用的对策建议，对中国等发展中国家相关管理政策的制定与实践具有重要意义。方法 文章首先采用传统DEA模型分析有机肥企业的初始效率，然后运用SFA回归分离管理无效率和随机误差项，最后将调整后投入输入DEA模型计算有机肥企业的生产绩效。结果 有机肥企业生产效率低的主要原因是规模效率较低；环境要素中除财政补贴具有促进作用，其他均产生不利影响；剔除环境因素和管理无效率，农业废弃物肥料化利用的综合效率、纯技术效率和规模报酬分别由0.668、0.874和0.759下降至0.606、0.829和0.690。有机肥企业目前是在国家/政府政策的驱动下获得了较好的经营环境。结论 企业自身应优先提升规模效率，其次是技术效率。相关部门应加大宣传推广力度引导农户使用有机肥，规范农业废弃物肥料化市场行为，在此基础上，加强政府扶持力度促进农业废弃物肥料化利用产业的健康发展。

Abstract:

Fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste not only increases its agricultural value, but also contributes to the realization of a circular economy. Therefore, the analysis of the production efficiency of organic fertilizer enterprises and its influencing factors, and the formulation of countermeasures to promote the fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste are of great significance to the formulation and practice of relevant management policies in developing countries such as China. This study firstly adopted the traditional DEA model to analyze the initial efficiency of organic fertilizer enterprises, then used SFA regression to separate the inefficient management and random error terms, and finally inputs the adjusted inputted into the DEA model to calculate the production performance of organic fertilizer enterprises. The results showed that the main reason for the low production efficiency of organic fertilizer enterprises was the low efficiency of scale; environmental factors, with the exception of financial subsidies, all had an adverse impact; excluding environmental factors and management inefficiencies, the overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency and remuneration of scale for the fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste decreased from 0.668, 0.874 and 0.759 to 0.606, 0.829 and 0.690， respectively. Organic fertilizer companies are now in a better business environment, driven by national/government policy. The enterprises themselves should prioritize the efficiency of scale, followed by technical efficiency. Relevant departments should increase publicity and promotion efforts to guide farmers to use organic fertilizers and regulate the market behavior of agricultural waste fertilizers, on this basis, strengthen government support to promote the healthy development of the agricultural waste fertilizer utilization industry.