我国畜禽粪便资源化利用现状与对策建议

THE CURRENT SITUATION OF RESOURCE UTILIZATION OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE IN CHINA AND THE COUNTERMEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS

关键词:  畜禽粪便资源化利用  利用方式  成本收益  影响因素  对策建议  综述

摘要:

目的 已有学者从不同视角对我国畜禽粪便资源化处理利用问题进行研究，对这些研究进行梳理和总结，有利于对系统深入了解我国畜禽粪便资源化处理的现状、问题及影响因素，并有针对性地提出对策建议，对贯彻落实中央关于生态文明建设要求，改善生态环境、实现畜牧业可持续发展具有重要意义。方法 文章利用文献资料法和对比分析法，对国家现行的畜禽粪便资源化利用相关政策法规进行了梳理和总结，对畜禽粪便排放量的测算、畜禽粪便资源化利用方式、成本收益及影响因素等进行了归纳分析和讨论。就进一步推进我国畜禽粪便资源化利用提出对策建议。结果 在畜禽粪便对环境的影响方面，学者们对畜禽粪便产排污系数值的选取和计算上有一定差异，有必要进一步确定准确统一的产排污系数值。不同畜种之间、全国不同地区、不同养殖规模所产生的粪便差异较大，使其畜禽粪便的资源化利用方式、养殖户粪便处理行为的影响因素、畜禽粪便资源化利用的成本收益等方面差异较大，有必要进行具体的因地制宜的研究分析。结论 建议大力推广种养结合循环农业生产模式，鼓励建设第三方组织合作处理畜禽粪便，加快先进生产设备的研发推广等措施进一步推动我国畜禽粪便资源化利用。

Abstract:

The research on the treatment issue of livestock manure resources in our country has been conducted by some scholars from many aspects. According to the summary of these studies, it can do much favor for the comprehensive and deep investigation on the livestock manure resource treatment’s current situation, issues and influencing factors. Based on this, it is conducive to proposing the countermeasures and advice, which can be used as reference for the implementation of the requirements on establishing ecological civilization by the central government, the perfection of the ecological environment and the realization of the animal husbandry’s sustainable development. The literature review and comparative analysis are taken as the research methods in this thesis to make the combing and summary of the current policies and regulations in line with the resource utilization of livestock manure. Then, it carries out the analysis and discussion in terms of calculating the emission of livestock manure, the utilization way of livestock manure resources, as well as cost revenue and influencing factors. Finally, for the purpose of further promoting the livestock manure resources’ utilization in our country, some countermeasures and advice are proposed in this thesis. As for livestock manure’s impact on the environment, some differences can be found in the production and emission coefficient values of livestock manure caused by the selection and calculation of some scholars. In view of it, the production and emission coefficient of livestock manure has to be determined. Among the livestock breeds, regions in China, and breeding scales that are different, it causes the significant differences in livestock manure, thus leading to the existence of the differences in treating livestock manure resources, the influencing factors for the behavior of farmers in treating livestock manure, and the cost revenue in taking advantage of livestock manure resource. As a result, it has to carry out the targeted research and analysis in line with the conditions in local places. To further take advantage of livestock manure resources in our country, what is proposed is vigorously focusing on the combination of planting and breeding to create the recycling agricultural production mode, promoting the setting up of the third-party organizations to engage in livestock manure’s treatment, speeding up advanced production equipment’s R&D.