“三圈理论”视角下农村宅基地退出模式比较基于义乌市的观察

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RURAL HOMESTEAD WITHDRAWAL MODES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF "THREE-CIRCLE THEORY"*——BASED ON THE CASE OF YIWU CITY

关键词:  农村宅基地  退出模式  三圈理论  财产价值  利益相关者

Key words:  rural homestead  exit mode  Three-Circle Theory  property value  stakeholders

摘要:

目的 基于对义乌市宅基地制度改革试点的调研和观察，对宅基地退出的3种典型模式进行分析和比较，剖析各种模式运作过程中出现的问题，分析各种模式成功和推广的前提和基础。方法 文章运用“三圈理论”，从价值、能力、支持三个角度对宅基地三种退出模式进行剖析。结果 义乌市宅基地退出的三种模式表现各不相同，但均处于公共价值、能力、支持三圈相交的“耐克区”，是成功的宅基地退出模式。节约集约利用土地、显化宅基地财产价值是宅基地退出追求的价值目标，政府的资金投入和政策执行能力是保证宅基地退出顺利推进的基础条件，农户的支持是宅基地退出能够成功推进的前提条件。结论 在宅基地退出过程中，应注重各种模式的适用性，切忌照搬滥用；政府应综合考虑各方面的因素，量力而为，切忌为了退出而退出，使改革陷入“风险区”；要统筹兼顾中央政府、地方政府与农民的利益，最大程度的保护农民利益。

Abstract:

Based on the investigation and observation of the pilot project of rural homestead system reform in China, this paper makes a comparative analysis of three typical modes of homestead withdrawal in Yiwu city. The purpose is to analyze the problems in the implementation of the three homestead withdrawal modes, as well as the preconditions and necessary conditions for successful implementation and promotion of various modes. The main research method was the Three-Circle theory, which mainly referred to the three circles of value, ability and support. The three cycles were superimposed to form six regions, which constituted the most basic analysis framework and model. The results showed that the three modes of homestead withdrawal in Yiwu city were different, but they were all in the cross area of public value, ability and support, namely "Nike District", which was a successful mode of homestead withdrawal. Saving and intensive use of land and stimulating the value of homestead property were the value goals of homestead withdrawal. The government's capital investment and policy implementation ability were the basic conditions to ensure the successful promotion of homestead withdrawal. The support of farmers was the prerequisite for the smooth promotion of homestead withdrawal. The above shows that the three homestead withdrawal modes in Yiwu city, which is new community cluster construction, old village transformation, new rural cluster construction are reasonable and successful. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the resource endowment differences and applicability of various homestead withdrawal modes in the process of homestead withdrawal, so as to avoid completely copying; As many factors as possible should be taken into account, so as to avoid putting the attempt of homestead withdrawal into a "risk zone"; In addition, the relationship among the central government, local governments and farmers should be considered to protect the interests of farmers to the maximum extent.