中国水果生产集中化水平的演进趋势

THE EVOLUTION TREND OF CHINESE FRUIT PRODUTION CONCENTRATION LEVEL

关键词:  水果产业  集中化指数  演进趋势  生产布局  中国

Key words:  fruit industry  centralization index  evolution trend  production distribution  China

摘要:

目的 探究改革开放以来中国水果生产集中化水平的演进趋势，对及时调整水果产业布局，优化区域资源配置，提升中国水果生产能力具有重要意义。方法 文章基于1978—2016年全国和省域层面数据，运用空间洛伦兹曲线的生产集中化指数从产业整体和品种细分两个视角分别对中国水果生产集中化水平的演变规律进行定量分析。结果 改革开放以来，水果产业及5种水果作物的生产集中化水平总体呈阶段性波动下降趋势，新兴水果产区逐步超越传统产区，水果生产逐步向广东、广西、陕西和新疆等省区迁移，其中，苹果主产区向陕西和甘肃等西部地区集中，柑橘产区向湖北和广西等省区扩展，梨主产区向新疆和四川等省区转移，葡萄产区向河北和四川等省区扩张，广西和云南等省区的香蕉生产地位凸显。结论 应坚持资源禀赋与生产实际相结合的适地适栽原则，加强水果产业布局规划政策的执行、监管与规制力度，充分发挥规划的引导作用，促进水果生产向优势产区集聚。

Abstract:

Exploring the evolutionary trend of China′s fruit production concentration level since reform and opening up in 1978 is of great significance for timely adjustment in the layout of the fruit industry, optimizing the allocation of regional resources, and enhancing fruit production capacity. Based on the national and provincial level data from 1978 to 2016, the production concentration index of the spatial Lorentz curve was used to quantitatively analyze the evolution of the level of concentration of fruit production in China from the perspective of the industry and the variety segmentation (including apple, citrus, pear, grape, and banana). The results showed that the production concentration level of the fruit industry and the five fruit crops showed a trend of gradual fluctuations and decreases since the reform and opening up. The emerging fruit production areas gradually surpassed the traditional areas of production and the fruit production gradually moved to Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, and Xinjiang. Specifically, the main apple producing areas were concentrated in the western regions, such as Shaanxi and Gansu, and the citrus production were extended to Hubei and Guangxi provinces, the main producing areas of pears were transferred to Xinjiang and Sichuan provinces, and the grape-producing areas expanded to Hebei and Sichuan provinces, whereas the production status of bananas in Guangxi and Yunnan provinces was prominent. In the future, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of combining resource endowments with actual production practices, strengthen the implementation, supervision and regulation of the fruit industry layout planning policy, give full play to the guiding role of planning, and promote the concentration of fruit production to the advantageous production areas.