山区农村劳动力转移对农地退耕的影响以武陵山区为例

THE EFFECT OF RURAL LABOR EMIGRATION ON RETURNING FARMLAND TO FORESTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS* ——TAKING WULING MOUNTAIN AREA AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  农地退耕  影响因素  武陵山区  劳动力转移  非农收入

Key words:  returning farmland to forests  influencing factors  Wuling Mountain Area  labor force emigration  off-farm income

摘要:

目的 农地退耕是土地利用变化的重要组成部分，明晰农地退耕的影响因素可以为山区生态恢复提供新的路径。方法 文章基于武陵山区180份农户调查数据，采用多元线性回归模型分析影响山区农地退耕的因素，重点分析山区农村劳动力转移对农地退耕的影响。结果 （1）研究区劳动力转移现象明显，85%的农户家庭存在不同程度的劳动力转移，劳动力转移比例达到51.61%，户均转移劳动力数量占家庭总人口的29.90%；（2）研究区农户退耕较为普遍，退耕农户占样本农户的55%，户均退耕面积0.31hm²；（3）非农收入和农业劳动力比例对农户的退耕面积产生了显著的正向影响，同时家庭女性劳动力数量、家庭总人数、承包地面积、种植耕地的总块数、两个地区哑变量——万木乡和丁市镇也显著影响了农户的退耕地面积。结论 山区农村劳动力转移带来的非农收入增加促进了农户的农地退耕，但是劳动力转移带来的农业劳动力供给减少又降低了农户的退耕地面积，最终两者的作用相互抵消，使得农村劳动力转移对农户的退耕地面积产生了不可确定的影响。

Abstract:

Returning farmland to forests is a crucial part of land use change. Clarifying the influencing factors of returning farmland to forests will provide a basis for ecological restoration in a mountainous area. Based on a field survey of 180 households in Wuling Mountain Area, a multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of returning farmland to forests in a mountainous area in this paper. Great emphasis was paid on the effect of labor emigration on returning farmland to forests. The result showed that: (1) There was extensive labor force emigration in the study area. About 85% of the sampled households had different degree of labor force emigration. The ratio of migrant labor to the total labor force was up to 51.61%, and the number of labor force migrated out per household accounted for 29.90% of the total family number. (2) Returning farmland to forests in the study area was also prevalent, households who participated in returning farmland to forests accounted for 55% of the sampled households, with an average value of returning area 0.31 hm² per household. (3) Both off-farm income and agricultural labor supply had significant influence on the area of forests returned from farmland in the mountainous area, and the influence direction was positive. At the same time, the number of household female labor, household size, contracted land area, number of cultivated plots and two regional dummy variables, Wanmu township and Dingshi township, had significant impacts on it. Based on analyzing the influencing factors of returning farmland to forests, it can draw a conclusion that increasing in off-farm income brought by labor force emigration in a mountainous area indeed promotes the returning of farmland to forests. However, the reduced agricultural labor supply also decreases the area of forests returned from farmland. The two offsetting effects results in an uncertain influence of labor emigration on area of returning farmland to forests.