基于等标污染负荷法的山西省农业面源污染特征研究

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN SHANXI PROVINCE BASED ON EQUIVALENT POLLUTION LOAD METHOD

关键词:  农业面源污染  清单分析法  等标污染负荷法  聚类分析  山西省

Key words:  agricultural non-point source pollution  inventory analysis  equivalent pollution load  cluster analysis  Shanxi province

摘要:

目的 为全面了解山西省农业面源污染现状，探讨农业面源污染强度及分布特征。方法 文章运用清单分析法、等标污染负荷法计算并分析了2016年山西省及其11个行政区COD、总氮、总磷的农业面源污染负荷，并根据畜禽养殖业，种植业，水产养殖业以及农村生活排水4个账户的计算结果进行了全面分析。在此基础上讨论其空间分布特征并进行聚类分析。结果 （1）2016年山西省农业面源污染COD排放量为80.73万t，总氮排放量为9.21万t，总磷排放量为1.02万t。（2）总氮等标污染负荷最大的为460.42亿m³，其次为总磷，COD等标污染负荷最小，3种污染物总等标污染负荷为918.51亿m³。（3）4个账户中，农村生活账户的等标污染负荷比最大，为52.13%；其次为畜禽养殖账户和种植业账户，水产养殖账户最小为0.12%。（4）山西省11个行政区等标污染负荷比由大到小依次为运城市>吕梁市>晋中市>临汾市>长治市>大同市>忻州市>晋城市>朔州市>太原市>阳泉市。（5）通过对2016年山西省农业面源污染等标污染负荷的系统聚类分析，将11个行政区划分为重度污染型（临汾市、吕梁市、晋中市、运城市），中度污染型（长治市、忻州市、大同市、晋城市、朔州市）和轻度污染型（太原市、阳泉市）3个类型。结论 2016年山西省农业面源污染严重，其中COD排放量最大。污染物主要来自畜牧养殖账户和农村生活账户。运城市污染状况最为严重。

Abstract:

In order to fully understand the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shanxi province, the intensity and distribution characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution are discussed. The agricultural non-point source pollution namely COD, TN, and TP load in Shanxi province and its 11 associated administrative regions in 2016 were calculated and analyzed by using the inventory analysis and equivalent pollution load. The current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shanxi province was analyzed based on the calculation results of four categories, i.e., animal husbandry, crop farming, aquaculture, and rural sewage. In addition, its spatial distribution characteristics was discussed and cluster analysis was carried out. The results showed that (1) In 2016, the agricultural non-point source pollution in Shanxi province produced 80.73 million tons of COD, 9.21 million tons of TN, and 1.02 million tons of TP. (2) The total equivalent pollution load of three pollutants were calculated at 918.51 billion m³ , while TN equivalent pollution load was the largest, i.e., 460.42 billion m³, followed by the equivalent pollution load of TP and COD. (3) Among four categories, rural sewage had the largest equivalent pollution load ratio at 52.13%, followed by animal husbandry and crop farming, while aquaculture had the smallest ratio at 0.12%. (4) The equivalent pollution load ratio of 11 administrative regions in Shanxi province in descending order was Yuncheng > Lvliang > Jinzhong > Linfen > Changzhi > Datong > Xinzhou > Jincheng > Shuozhou > Taiyuan > Yangquan. (5) Through the clustering analysis of equivalent pollution load of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shanxi province in 2016, the 11 administrative regions could be divided into three clusters as heavily polluted (Linfen, Lvliang, Jinzhong and Yuncheng), moderately polluted (Changzhi, Xinzhou, Datong, Jincheng and Shuozhou), and slightly polluted (Taiyuan and Yangquan). Generally speaking, in 2016, Shanxi province suffered from serious agricultural non-point source pollution, in which COD discharge had the largest contribution. The pollutants mainly came from animal husbandry and rural sewage sub-categories. Yuncheng was introduced as the most serious polluted city in this context.