老龄化、社会资本与农户化肥减量施用行为

AGING, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND FARMERS' CHEMICAL FERTILIZER REDUCTION BEHAVIOR

关键词:  老龄化  社会资本  化肥减量施用行为  农户  多元线性回归模型

Key words:  aging  social capital  fertilizer reduction behavior  farmers  multiple linear regression

摘要:

目的 近年来，化肥的过量施用引发了一系列环境问题，农业面源污染形势不容乐观。文章主要分析老龄化、社会资本以及两者的交互作用对农户化肥减量施用行为的影响，并探讨不同维度的社会资本作用效果是否具有异质性，进而在一定程度上为促进化肥减量施用行为提出相关建议。方法 基于2015年陕西省和山东省14个苹果主产县种植户的微观数据，运用因子分析法分别从网络、信任和规范3个维度衡量农户社会资本，采用多元线性回归模型，分析老龄化、社会资本对农户化肥减量施用行为的作用效果及其路径。结果 老龄化对农户化肥减量施用行为具有负向影响，社会资本则能正向促进农户化肥减量施用行为；从不同维度的社会资本影响来看，社会网络指数与社会规范指数对化肥减量施用行为有显著正向影响，而社会信任指数的影响则不显著；社会资本的拓展能很好地缓解老龄化对农户化肥减量施用行为的不利冲击，但只有社会网络与社会规范的缓解效应较为显著，社会信任不能发挥类似的缓解作用。结论 要推广化肥减量施用，需充分考虑人口老龄化的现状，进一步加强农业技术培训，搭建社交平台，拓宽农户间的信息交流，加强信任体制建设，规范矫正农户生产行为，构建新型农业经营体系，促进农业可持续发展。

Abstract:

In recent years, the application of excessive chemical fertilizer has caused a series of environmental problems, besides, the state of agricultural non-point source pollution is not optimistic. This study mainly analyzes the effect of aging, social capital and their interaction on farmers' chemical fertilizer reduction behavior. Furthermore, it explores whether the effects of social capital in different dimensions are heterogeneous. Based on the results of the experiment, some suggestions are put forward to improve farmer′s chemical fertilizers reduction behavior. Based on the data of farmers in 14 major apple-producing counties in Shaanxi and Shandong provinces in 2015, this study measured farmers′ social capital in the way of network, trust and norms. Moreover, it used factor analysis and multiple linear regression model to investigate the impact of aging, labor force, and its interaction with social capital on farmers' fertilizer reduction behavior. After analyzing, the results suggested that the aging of agricultural labor had a significant negative impact on farmers' fertilizer reduction behavior while social capital showed a positive impact; From the perspective of the influence of different dimensions of social capital, social network index and social norm index had a significant positive influence on the behavior of fertilizer reduction application, while social trust index had no significant influence; The expansion of social capital could well alleviate the adverse impact of aging on farmers' fertilizer reduction behavior to some extent. In detail, the parameter of the mitigation was found to be only significant in case of social network and norms, and social trust would not play a mitigation role. Therefore, in order to promote the reduction of fertilizer application, it is necessary to fully consider the current situation of the aging population, strengthen agricultural technology training, set up a social platform for information exchange between farmers, highlight institutional-building project of social trust, correct farmers′ behavior, so as to build a new agricultural management system, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.