中国农村生态宜居水平的动态演进及其地区差距基于非参数估计与Dagum基尼系数分解

DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF ECOLOGICAL LIVABLE LEVEL IN RURAL CHINA AND ITS REGIONAL DISPARITY——AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BASED ON NON-PARAMETRIC ESTIMATION AND DAGUM GINI COEFFICIENT DECOMPOSITION

关键词:  农村生态宜居水平  动态演进  地区差距

Key words:  ecological livability level in rural China  dynamic evolution  regional disparities

摘要:

目的 明确农村生态宜居水平的演进趋势及其空间分布差异，有利于厘清乡村振兴战略下中国农村生态宜居发展水平的内在机理，对于解决广大农村居民就美好生活的向往与不充分不平衡发展之间的矛盾具有重要意义。方法 文章从生产、生活、生态3个维度构建指标体系，测算了2007—2016 年中国30个省（市、自治区）农村生态宜居水平，并结合非参数估计中的Kernel（核）密度估计方法，对农村生态宜居水平的动态演进过程进行了考察。进而采用Dagum基尼系数分解考察了农村生态宜居水平的地区差距。结果 （1）大西北、黄河中游以及西南地区的农村生态宜居水平呈上升趋势，但两极或多极分化趋势明显；（2）农村生态宜居水平的空间分布存在显著地区差距，但总体上这种差距在不断缩小；（3）对于地区内部而言，农村生态宜居水平差距呈上升趋势；东北地区的农村生态宜居水平差距最大，大西北地区的差距最小；就地区之间来说，东北与其他地区的农村生态宜居水平差距最大，大西北与西南地区间的农村生态宜居水平差距较大，西南与长江中游地区间的最小；贡献率结果显示，地区间差距的贡献率始终大于地区内差距的贡献率，地区间差距成为总体差距的主要来源。结论 未来乡村振兴对于生态宜居的建设在关注地区内部差异的同时，更应致力于寻求区域间差异的解决办法。

Abstract:

Clearing up the evolution trend and spatial distribution of ecological livability level in rural China is conducive to clarifying the internal mechanism of it’s development level under the strategy of rural revitalization. It is of great significance to solve the contradiction between rural residents' yearning for a better life and inadequate and unbalanced development in the rural areas. This paper built an index system combining three dimensions of production, life, and ecology to measure the ecological livability level of 30 province(municipality、autonomous district) in China between 2007 to 2016. The Kernel density estimation method, which was a non-parametric approach, was used to investigate the dynamic evolution process, and then Dagum gini coefficient method was employed to measure and decompose the relative differences. The results showed that: (1) The rural ecological livability level in northwest China, the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and southwest China had an increasing trend, but the polarization trend was obvious; (2) There was a significant gap in the spatial distribution of rural ecological livable level, but in general the observed gap was narrow; (3) The gap of the rural ecological livability level within three areas under consideration was also on the rise; The largest gap of rural ecological livability level was found in northeast China and the smallest one was obvious in northwest China. Between regions, the gap observed between northeast and other regions was the largest, that of northwest and southwest regions was the largest, and that between southwest and the middle reaches of the Yangtze river was found to be the smallest. The contribution rate of inter-regional gap was always greater than that of intra-regional gap, which had become the main source of the overall gap. In the future, ecological livability construction should not only focus on regional differences, but also strive to seek solutions to regional differences.