基于老龄化背景下的绿色生产技术推广研究以生物农药与测土配方肥为例

RESEARCH ON THE POPULARIZATION OF GREEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BASED ON THE BACKGROUND OF AGING——A CASE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDE AND SOIL TESTING FORMULA FERTILIZER

关键词:  老龄化  农业技术推广  绿色技术  生物农药  测土配方肥

Key words:  ageing  agricultural technology extension  green technology  biological pesticide  soil testing formula fertilizer

摘要:

目的 探讨老龄化与农业技术推广对农户采纳绿色生产技术的影响。方法 文章通过二元Logit模型，利用湖北省襄阳、宜昌、黄冈、潜江4市587户水稻种植户样本数据进行实证分析。结果 （1）老龄化阻碍了农户的绿色生产技术采纳行为，老年组农户相对于年轻组而言，采纳生物农药和测土配方施肥技术的概率在下降，采纳生物农药的年轻组和老年组农户分别占总样本的47.79%和37.67%，采纳测土配方肥的年轻组和老年组农户分别占25.00%和15.48%；（2）农业技术推广能够在一定程度上缓解老龄化对农户采纳绿色生产技术的阻碍。具体而言，政府宣传与政府培训均能显著促进年轻农户的绿色生产技术采纳行为；政府宣传能有效促进老年农户采纳绿色生产技术，但政府培训对其影响作用并不明显。结论 政府应加强绿色生产技术的宣传力度和培训力度，针对中老年人降低培训难度，且为中老年人提供良好的学习环境。

Abstract:

In order to discuss the influence of ageing and agricultural technology popularization on farmers' adoption of green agricultural production technology, this paper used the binary Logit model to empirically analyze the data of 587 farm households in Xiangyang, Yichang, Huanggang and Qianjiang in Hubei province, China. The research results were showed as follows. First of all, aging had negative impacts on the farmers' adoption of green agricultural production technology. Compared with the young rice farmers, the probability of adopting biological pesticide and formula fertilizer technology for soil testing was decreasing for the old. As for the young group and the old group, the adopting rate of biological pesticide were 47.79% and 37.67%, respectively; while that of formula fertilizer for soil testing were 25.00% and 15.48%, respectively. Secondly, the government's propaganda could weaken the negative impacts that aging exerted on the technology adoption behaviors to some extent. Specifically, the government's propaganda and training had positive and significant impacts on young farm households' adoption, while only the government's propaganda was significantly associated with the old farm households' adoption. Therefore, the government should strengthen the propaganda and training of green agricultural production technology, to reduce the training difficulty and provide a good learning environment for the elderly. Therefore, suggestion are proposed as follows. Firstly, for old farm households, government should set up elderly class and exchange center to provide a good learning environment, motivating them to study green technology; for young farm households, government should improve the training efficiency to establish a professional and technological new village team. Secondly, government should pay more attention to the promotion of agricultural technology, through various ways such as bulletin board, slogan, lecture and so on, or by encouraging agricultural bureau, university and technique spreading center to actively participate in it. Besides, government should subsidy farmers to encourage them to adopt green production technology, owing to the use cost of green production technology higher than that of traditional agricultural technology.