不同模式下农村宅基地退出的农户福利效应研究以福建省晋江市为例

RESEARCH ON THE WELFARE EFFECT OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WITHDRAWING FROM RURAL RESIDENTIAL LAND UNDER DIFFERENT PATTERS——A CASE STUDY OF JINJIANG CITY, FUJIAN PROVINCE

关键词:  福利效应  农村宅基地退出  退出模式  模糊综合评价  晋江市

Key words:  welfare effect  rural residential land withdrawal  withdrawal patterns  fuzzy comprehensive evaluation  Jinjiang city

摘要:

目的 为合理引导农村宅基地有序退出并制定出科学的宅基地退出管理策略，亟需开展不同模式下农村宅基地退出的农户福利效应研究，准确把握农户在此过程中的生活质量变化状况。方法 文章以阿玛蒂亚·森提出的可行能力理论为基础，构建宅基地退出的农户福利评价指标体系，利用晋江市的调研数据，运用模糊数学综合评价方法，评价和比较不同模式下农村宅基地退出的农户福利效应及其差异。结果 资产置换模式和指标置换模式下宅基地退出后农户的总福利水平都有所改善，总模糊指数分别从0.378、0.404上升到0.399、0.418，货币补偿模式总福利水平则呈下降的状态，从0.412下降到0.373。其中资产置换模式和指标置换模式在社会保障、居住条件和心理状况的农户福利水平有所上升，家庭经济和决策参与的农户福利水平下降，两者改变程度有所差异。货币补偿模式只有居住条件的农户福利得到改善。宅基地退出后农户之间的福利差异进一步扩大，福利差异系数从0.114上升到0.147。结论 不同模式的宅基地退出致使农户福利效应差异明显，使其对农户的生活方式和长远生计的影响程度有所不同。因此，应综合考虑不同宅基地退出模式下农户福利效应差异，从科学设定宅基地退出的补偿标准、规范宅基地退出程序、分类实施宅基地退出保障措施等方面提升农户福利水平和促进农户福利均衡发展。

Abstract:

In order to guide the rural households withdrawing from rural residential land rationally and formulate scientific policy of rural residential land withdrawal, it is necessary to study the welfare effect of rural households withdrawing from rural residential land under different patterns, so as to accurately grasp the changes in the life quality of rural household in this process. Based on the feasible capability theory proposed by Amartya Sen, the welfare evaluation index system of rural household was constructed in this paper. Based on the survey data of rural households withdrawing from rural residential land in Jinjiang city of Fujian province, and applying the method of fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method, the welfare effects and differences of rural households withdrawing from rural residential land were evaluated and compared under different patterns. The results showed that the total welfare level of rural households had been improved after the withdrawal of rural residential land under the asset replacement pattern and the index replacement pattern, and the total fuzzy index had risen from 0.378 and 0.404 to 0.399 and 0.418, respectively. Meanwhile, the total welfare level of the monetary compensation pattern decreased from 0.412 to 0.373. The welfare level of rural households in social security, housing conditions and psychological status under the asset replacement pattern and the index replacement pattern had increased, the welfare level of rural households in family economy and participating in decision-making had declined; however, the change degree of two patterns in different dimensions was different. The welfare level of the living conditions of rural households was improved only under the monetary compensation pattern. After the rural residential land withdrawal, the welfare difference among farmers was further enlarged, and the coefficient of welfare difference rose from 0.114 to 0.147. In summary, there are significant differences in the welfare effects of rural households withdrawing from rural residential land in different patterns, which have different impacts on the lifestyle and long-term livelihood of rural households. Therefore, it is critical to comprehensively consider the difference of welfare effect under different patterns. To improve the welfare level of farmers and promote the balanced development of welfare among farmers, this paper suggests raising the compensation standard and scope scientifically, standardizing the procedure of rural residential land withdrawal, and adopting differentiated approaches to promote farmers to participate in rural residential withdrawal.