地域分异与农户分化对农户农地转出行为的影响

THE IMPACTS OF REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND FARMER DIFFERENTION ON FARMERS′ BEHAVIOURS REGARDING FARMLAND TRANSFER

关键词:  农地转出  行为  地域分异  农户分化  影响  二元Logistic

Key words:  farmland transfer  behavior  regional differentiation  farmer differentiation  impact  binary Logistic

摘要:

目的 多视角深入研究农户农地转出行为的影响因素，是破解农地流转瓶颈和实现农业适度规模经营的现实途径。方法 文章基于地域分异与农户分化的双重视角，在理论分析与研究假说的基础上，利用农户问卷调查数据并运用二元Logistic回归模型，实证检验地域分异与农户分化对农户农地转出行为的影响。结果 （1）农户参与农地转出有一定广度，但农户农地转出行为却缺乏深度，主要表现在农地全部转出的农户率低和农地面积转出率低两个方面。（2）地域分异与农户分化对农户农地转出行为均有显著影响。经济地域分异对农户农地转出行为有显著正向影响，区位地域分异对农户农地转出行为亦有显著影响；农户经济分化程度对农户农地转出行为有显著正向影响。（3）家庭劳动力数、承包地面积、承包地块数，对农户农地转出行为分别有显著的负向、正向和正向影响。（4）家庭非农劳动力数和承包地距离，对农户农地转出行为的影响则不显著；年龄、教育年限和职业类别等户主个体特征，对农户农地转出行为的影响也不显著。结论 地域分异与农户分化是影响农户农地转出行为的重要因素。为了促进农地流转和加快新型农业经营主体培育，政府应根据地域差异和异质性农户的不同需求，为农户转出农地提供差异化的制度安排。

Abstract:

In order to solve the bottleneck of farmland transfer and realize the appropriate scale management of agriculture, the influencing factors of farmland transfer must be studied from a range of perspectives. This paper looked at the dual perspectives of regional differentiation and farmer differentiation. Based on theoretical analysis and a research hypothesis, this paper made good use of questionnaire data from farmers and the Binary Logistic regression model, and then made an empirical study on the impact of regional differentiation and farmer differentiation on farmland transfer. The results showed that: (1) There was a certain breadth to farmers′ participation in the transfer of farmland but there was little depth. This was mainly because of two aspects: a low total transfer rate of farmland by farmers and a low relative transfer rate of land area to total farmland. (2) Regional differentiation and farmer differentiation had significant effects on farmers′ behavior of farmland transfer. The regional differentiation of economic had a significant positive impact on farmers′ behavior of farmland transfer, and also the regional differentiation in area had a significant impact on it. The degree of economic differentiation among farmers had a significant positive influence on farmland transfer behavior. (3) The number of family members who were able to do farm labor had a significant negative impact on farmers′ behavior when it came to farmland transfer, but the area and number of parcels of contracted land had a significant positive impact on farmers′ behavior regarding farmland transfer. (4) The number of non-farm-laboring family members along with the distance to the contracted land had no significant effect on farmers′ behavior in relation to farmland transfer. In addition, individual characteristics of the head of a household, such as age, years of education and occupation, had no significant effect on farmers′ behavior when it came to farmland transfer. The conclusions show that, regional differentiation and farmer differentiation are important factors that affect the farmers' behavior regarding farmland transfer. In order to promote the farmland transfer and speed up the cultivation of new agricultural entities, the government should take the regional differentiation and different demands of heterogeneous farmers into account, and provide differentiated institutional arrangement for farmers to transfer out farmland.