贫困地区农村公共设施对宅基地退出行为的影响基于农户分化的调节效应

THE EFFECTS OF RURAL PUBLIC FACILITIES ON RURAL HOMESTEAD EXIT BEHAVIOR IN POVERTY-STRICKEN AREAS* ——BASED ON THE MODERATING EFFECT OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD DIFFERENTIATION

关键词:  农村公共设施  宅基地  退出行为  贫困地区  农户分化

Key words:  rural public facilities  rural homestead  exit behavior  poverty-stricken areas  rural household differentiation

摘要:

目的 探究贫困地区农村公共设施对农户宅基地退出行为影响，对深化不同区域宅基地制度改革、进一步完善农村公共设施建设等具有重要理论价值和现实意义。方法 文章基于国家33个农村土地改革试点地区中唯一国家级贫困县安徽金寨县608户农户微观数据，构建农村公共设施指标体系，测算农村公共设施指数，并运用二元Logit模型，实证检验了农村公共设施、农户分化对贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为的影响。结果 贫困地区农村公共设施越不完善，农户宅基地退出概率越大，且公共设施中道路交通设施、医疗设施、生产与生活设施均对农户宅基地退出行为影响显著，而教育设施影响不显著；农户分化对农村公共设施影响农户宅基地退出行为具有调节作用，农业经营增强了农村公共设施对宅基地退出行为的负向影响。结论 为推进经济发展水平落后地区宅基地制度改革，解决农村居民住房保障问题，应针对不同类型农户实施差别化宅基地退出政策，兴建农村集中安置区并加强其公共设施建设。

Abstract:

Exploring the effects of rural public facilities on rural homestead exit behavior in poverty-stricken areas has important theoretical value and practical significance for deepening the reform of rural homestead system in different regions and further improving the construction of rural public facilities. Based on the micro-data of 608 farmers in Jinzhai county, Anhui province, which was the only national poverty county in 33 pilot areas for the reform of rural homestead system, this paper detailed an application of the Entropy and Delphi method to measure the comprehensive index of rural public facilities. Moreover, this paper empirically studied the effects of rural public facilities and the rural household differentiation on rural homestead exit behavior using the binary Logit model. The results showed that the imperfection of rural public facilities in poverty-stricken areas would increase the probability of farmers' rural homestead exit behavior, furtherly, the road traffic facilities, the medical facilities, the production and living facilities all had significant effects on rural homestead exit behavior, while the educational facilities had no significant impact. Furthermore, rural household differentiation played a moderating role in the effects of rural public facilities on rural homestead exit behavior, and agricultural management enhanced the negative impact of rural public facilities on rural homestead exit behavior. Thus, in order to promote the reform of rural homestead system in poverty-stricken areas and solve the problem of housing security for rural residents, we should implement the differentiated homestead exit policies for different types of farmers, including the construction of rural centralized resettlement areas and strengthening their public facilities, such as traffic, medical, production and living facilities.