黄河流域农户有机肥施用行为研究基于中上游农业生产经营特征视角

ORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATION BEHAVIOR OF FARMERS IN THE YELLOW RIVER BASINBASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UPPER AND MIDDLE REACHES

关键词:  有机肥施用行为  农业生产经营特征  黄河流域  经营规模  经营种类

Key words:  organic fertilizer application behavior  agricultural production and operation characteristics  Yellow river basin  operation scale  operation types

摘要:

目的 在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展上升为重大国家战略之际，探明黄河流域农户有机肥施用行为的现状、特征及其影响因素，具有重要的研究意义和政策参考价值。方法 文章基于黄河中上游1 393份农户样本与1 779份“作物种植类型”样本，分别从家庭层面和作物种植类型层面，聚焦于经营规模、耕地块数和经营种类3个维度，分析农业生产经营特征对农户有机肥施用行为的影响。结果 （1）在家庭层面和作物种植类型层面，经营规模与农户有机肥施用行为间存在稳健的倒“U”型关系，耕地块数对农户有机肥施用行为存在稳健的抑制作用；（2）经营种类促进了农户家庭层面的有机肥施用行为，但在作物种植类型层面，抑制了农户的有机肥施用行为；（3）从作物种植类型层面看，当农户种植1种或2种类型作物时，经营种类发挥正向调节作用，当农户种植3种类型作物时，经营种类发挥负向调节作用。结论 注意经营规模的适度性，引导和推动农户通过土地流转等手段，集中土地连片经营，有效减低土地细碎化程度对农户有机肥施用行为的抑制作用，促进和建立更高效的农产品流通及市场机制。

Abstract:

As "Ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin" has become a major national strategy, it is of great significance and policy reference value to explore the status quo, characteristics and influencing factors of organic fertilizer application behavior of farmers in the Yellow River Basin. Based on 1 393 samples of farm households and 1 779 samples of “crop planting types” in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, this paper focused on the three dimensions of operation scale, number of cultivated land and operation types from the level of family and type of crop planting to analyze the impact of agricultural production and operation characteristics on farmers' organic fertilizer application behavior. The results showed that: (1) At the level of family and type of crop planting, there was a robust inverted U-shaped relationship between the scale of operation and the organic fertilizer application behavior of farmers, and the number of cultivated land had a robust inhibitory effect on farmers' organic fertilizer application behavior; (2) The number of operation types promoted farmers' organic fertilizer application behavior at the household level, but inhibited farmers' organic fertilizer application behavior at the crop planting type level; (3) From the perspective of "crop planting types", when farmers planted one or two types of crops, the number of operation types played a positive regulatory role, and when farmers planted three types of crops, the number of operation played a negative regulatory role. In summary, it should pay attention to the appropriateness of the scale of operation, guide and promote farmers to use land transfer and other means to concentrate land contiguous operations, effectively reduce the inhibition of the degree of land fragmentation on farmers' organic fertilizer application behavior, and promote and establish a more efficient circulation and market mechanism of agricultural products.