平原地区粮食种植户适度耕地规模标准分类及测算基于陕西省武功县和眉县的调查

CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF THE APPROPRIATE FARMLAND SIZE STANDARD FOR GRAIN GROWERS IN THE PLAINSBASED ON INVESTIGATIONS IN WUGONG AND MEI COUNTY OF SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  理论模型  最优耕地经营规模  最小必要耕地规模  最大限度耕地规模  影响因素

Key words:  theoretical model  the optimal farmland size  the minimum necessary farmland size  the maximum cultivated land size  influencing factor

摘要:

目的 追求适度规模经营仍然是我国发展现代农业的重要措施，确定农户适度耕地规模标准无论是在理论层面还是现实层面都具有非常重要的意义。方法 文章构建基于农户利润最大化的最优耕地经营规模模型，推导单位劳动力最优耕地经营规模公式，单位劳动力最小必要耕地规模公式、单位劳动力最大限度耕地规模公式，分析各公式之间的关系以及影响因素，最后应用调研数据以粮食生产为例进行实证检验，确定农户的各种适度耕地规模标准。结果 （1）单位劳动力利润最大化情况下的耕地规模与农户非农就业工资水平成正比，与农户耕地地租水平成反比；（2）单位劳动力最佳劳动力投入的最小必要耕地规模与农户非农就业工资水平成正比，与农产品价格、生产技术水平以及人均资本占有量等因素成反比；（3）单位劳动力最佳土地投入的最大限度耕地规模与耕地地租水平成反比，与农产品价格、生产技术水平以及人均资本占有量等因素成正比。结论 在研究区域内，现有技术水平下，每个从事粮食种植的有效劳动力应获得不低于2.4hm²的最小必要耕地规模，最优规模水平5.933hm²属于长期经营目标，最大规模水平11.667hm²属于单位劳动力经营不能逾越的红线。

Abstract:

Pursuing moderate scale operation is still an important measure for the development of modern agriculture in China. It is of great significance to determine the scale of moderate farmland for farmers, both theoretically and realistically. This paper derived the formula of the optimal farmland size of unit labor, the minimum necessary farmland size formula of unit labor, the formula of the maximum cultivated land size of unit labor by constructing the optimal farmland scale model from the perspective of maximizing farmers' profit, and then analyzed relationship and practical significance of these formula, and finally taking food production as an example to apply the survey data to empirically test the above analysis conclusion. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, the optimal farmland size of the unit labor under the maximization was directly proportional to the farmer's non-agricultural employment wage level, and inversely proportional to the farmer's farmland rent level. Secondly, the minimum necessary farmland size of the unit labor was directly proportional to the farmer's non-agricultural employment wage level, and inversely proportional to the factors such as crop yield, agricultural production technology and per capita capital possession. Thirdly, the maximum limit farmland size of the unit labor was inversely proportional to the level of cultivated land rent. The prices of agricultural products, production technology and capital-intensiveness are directly proportional. In summary, in the research area of ??this paper, each effective labor should receive the minimum necessary farmland size of not less than 2.4 hm², and the optimal scale of 5.933hm² is a long-term operational target, the largest size level of 11.667hm² belongs to the crux that cannot be exceeded by the unit labor.