农业劳动力女性化对粮食生产的影响研究基于土地流转及外包服务市场发育的视角

STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE FEMINIZATION ON GRAIN PRODUCTIONFROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAND TRANSFER AND OUTSOURCING SERVICE MARKET DEVELOPMENT

关键词:  农业劳动力女性化  粮食生产  土地流转市场  外包服务市场  种植决策

Key words:  agricultural labor force feminization  grain production  land transfer market  outsourcing service market  planting decisions

摘要:

目的 农村劳动力转移的性别差异，使得农村女性逐渐成为农业劳动的主力军，在农业劳动力女性化趋势愈加严峻的背景下，分析农业劳动力女性化对粮食生产的影响，同时探究在土地流转市场和外包服务市场的作用下女性化的不利影响是否有所缓解，并提出应对农业劳动力女性化问题以及促进粮食生产的相关政策建议。方法 文章基于中国家庭金融调查数据，使用Tobit计量经济模型，从土地流转及外包服务市场发育的视角，实证研究了农业劳动力女性化对我国粮食生产的影响。结果 农业劳动力女性化对我国粮食作物总播种面积具有不利影响，但对不同农作物的影响存在差异。然而，土地流转市场和外包服务市场等外部环境的日益发展，能够有效缓解女性化对粮食生产的不利影响，但两类市场的缓解效应存在一定的差异性。结论 在农业劳动力女性化的背景下，土地流转市场和外包服务市场的发育有助于缓解女性化对粮食生产的不利影响，合理地制定和完善两种市场的发展政策有利于促进粮食生产。

Abstract:

Due to gender differences in rural labor transfer, rural women have gradually become the main agricultural labor force. Under the background of the increasingly severe trend of agricultural labor force feminization, the article analyzes the influence of agricultural labor force feminization on grain production and examines whether the negative impact of feminization has been alleviated under the effect of the land transfer market and outsourcing service market. At the same time, we propose to formulate relevant policies to deal with agricultural labor force feminization problems and promote grain production. Based on the data of the Chinese household finance survey and using the Tobit econometric model, this paper empirically studied the impact of agricultural labor force feminization on China′s grain production from the perspective of the land transfer and outsourcing service market development. The empirical results showed that agricultural labor force feminization negatively affected the total sown area of grain crops in China, while the effects on different crops were diverse. However, with the increasing development of the external environment, such as the land transfer market and outsourcing service market, the adverse impact of feminization on grain production could be effectively alleviated. Further, there were some differences in the mitigation effects of the two types of markets. Therefore, under the background of agricultural labor force feminization, the development of the land transfer market and outsourcing service market can help alleviate the negative impact of feminization on grain production. Ultimately, making reasonable policies on the two markets can promote grain production smoothly.