基于格网尺度的密云水库区域“三生”空间功能测度与时空变化分析

ECOLOGICAL-PRODUCTION-LIVING SPACES TRANSFORMATION AND ANALYSIS OF LAND USE BASED ON GRID SCALE IN MIYUN RESERVOIR AREA

关键词:  “三生”空间  GIS  格网  时空变化  密云水库区域

Key words:  ecological-production-living spaces  GIS  grid  temporal and spatial variation  Miyun Reservoir area

摘要:

目的 为有目标地进行土地利用调整、科学合理促进区域生态景观建设和生态环境保护提供参考。方法 文章以北京市密云水库区域为研究对象，基于遥感影像解译的1993年和2016年土地利用现状图，分析了研究区土地利用类型的面积变化和相互转换特征；在剖析土地多功能性的基础上，构建了不同土地利用类型的生产、生活、生态用地的功能指数，从而对土地利用类型进行了“三生”空间的划分，并基于格网尺度揭示了研究区域“三生”空间时空变化规律。结果 （1）1993—2016年密云水库区域土地利用类型主要为林地和水域，其面积变化以耕地、林地、草地和园地为主。其中，耕地和草地的面积减少，主要转换为园地；林地面积增加，主要来源于草地和荒土地；园地面积增加，主要来源于林地、耕地和草地；林地和园地之间相互转化的面积较大。（2）研究期间，密云水库区域“三生”空间相对稳定，生态功能一直是研究区域的主导功能，1993—2016年生产空间和生活空间扩张，生态空间略有缩小；不同级别保护区范围内的土地利用变化规律与总体变化较为一致，二级保护区范围内的变化相对大。结论 研究结果可以为精细化评估区域“三生”空间时空变化做参考，并能服务于区域土地利用结构调整和可持续利用及区域生态建设。

Abstract:

This research aims to provide reference for targeted land use adjustment, scientific and reasonable promotion of regional ecological landscape construction and ecological environment protection. Taking the Miyun Reservoir area of Beijing as the research object, firstly, the land use status maps of the two periods in 1993 and 2016 were obtained from remote sensing images, and the land use change and mutual transfer in different water source protection areas were analyzed. Finally, the study area was divided into 1 000*1 000 grid, based on GIS, the temporal and spatial changes of the ecological-production-living spaces transformation in the study area on the grid scale were analyzed. The results showed that, the land use types in Miyun Reservoir were mainly woodland and waters, and the change of area was mainly arable land, woodland, grassland and garden land. The area of arable land and grassland decreased and was mainly transformed into garden land. The increase of forest land mainly came from grassland and waste land. The increase of garden land mainly came from the decrease of cultivated land and grassland. Forest land, cultivated land and grassland, forest land and garden land had a large area of mutual conversion. And the ecological-production-living function change was relatively stable, the dominant function of the study area was ecological function, from 1993 to 2016, production and living function increased, ecological function decreased, but the change was not large, and the land use change in different area was consistent with the overall change, which was larger than that in the area of secondary protection zone. It concludes that the results can be used as reference for the fine assessment of the spatial change of the "three functions" in the region, and can serve the adjustment of the regional land use structure and sustainable utilization and ecological landscape construction.