规模经营背景下农户参与农业技术培训的影响因素研究基于全国4省数据的实证分析

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON FACTORS OF FARNER′S PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRAINING IN THE CONTEXT OF SCALING FARMING *——BASED ON HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA OF FOUR PROVINCES

关键词:  规模经营  农业技术培训  影响因素  零膨胀负二项模型  实证分析

Key words:  scale farming  agricultural technical training  influencing factors  ZINB models  empirical analysis

摘要:

目的 利用全国4省1 039户农户调查数据，深入分析在规模经营背景下影响农户参与农业技术培训的相关因素，进而为改进农业技术培训政策、促进农业现代化提供有益借鉴。方法 文章在控制农户户主个人特征、家庭特征、村庄特征及地区特征的基础上，将农户分为规模经营农户和普通小农户两类，构建零膨胀负二项模型解决样本数据存在的“零膨胀”问题和“过离散”问题，分析影响规模经营农户与普通农户参加农业技术培训的相关因素。结果 是否规模经营、家庭劳动力比例、是否参加农业合作社等家庭特征变量，户主年龄和受教育程度等户主特征，乡镇农技员数量以及地区虚拟变量，是影响农户参加农业技术培训的重要因素。其中，规模经营农户的平均农技培训参加次数显著高于普通农户，为其1.276倍，规模经营户的农技培训参加次数发生率之比要比非规模经营户高27.6%；家庭劳动力比例对参加农业技术培训的次数呈现显著的正向影响，劳动力比例每提高1个百分点，农户参加农技培训的可能性提高61.3%；农户是否加入合作社对参加农业技术培训存在显著的负向影响，合作社成员参加农技培训的发生率之比要比非合作社成员低26.6%；户主年龄对农户参加农业技术培训存在负向影响，户主年龄每增加1岁其参加农业技术培训的可能性就会降低1.1%；户主受教育程度越高，农户平均参加农业技术培训次数的发生率之比显著提升；而乡镇农技员数量对农户参加农业技术培训存在显著的负向影响。就地区而言，相对于黑龙江地区，四川、河南地区农户参加农业技术培训的可能性相对较低。结论 年龄相对较小、受教育水平相对较高、从事规模经营的农户更倾向于参加农业技术培训，且表现出一定的地区差异。政府开展农业技术培训，应当更多地向青年农民、规模经营农户倾斜，且需要根据各地实际情况因地制宜制定培训政策。

Abstract:

Based on rural households′ survey data of four typical provinces in China, this research attempted to solve the zero-inflation and over dispersion problem of sample data by constructing Zero-Inflated-Negative-Binomial （ZINB） Model. Then this paper analysed the factors influencing farmers′ participation in agricultural technology training. The results indicated that, household features such as scaling farming, proportion of labor and participation in cooperatives significantly affect farmers′ participation in agricultural technical training. Household heads′ features such as age, educational level and regional features such as amount of agricultural technician also play important role in affecting farmer′s participation in agricultural technical training. Specifically, the average frequency of agricultural technical training participation of scale-farming households was significantly higher than that of traditional small farmers; the rural households′ labor ratio played a significant positive role on the average frequency of agricultural technical training participation; conversely, the joining of cooperatives had a significantly negative impact on the participation frequency of agricultural technical training. From the households′ head aspect, heads′ age played a significant negative role, for every increase in the heads′ age of by one year, the likelihood of participating in agricultural technical training reduced by 1.1%; with the increase of household heads′ educational level, the average frequency of participating in agricultural technical training significantly increased. However, the number of agricultural technicians in town significantly reduced the likelihood of participation of agricultural technical training. In addition, there was significant regional differences for the participation of agricultural technical training. According to the above findings, this paper attempts to put forward some relevant policy adjustments. To be specific, the government should establish targeted policies to encourage the young and educated scaling-farming farmers to participate in agricultural technical training, such as providing subsidies and develop effective training plans. What′s more, due to the regional differences, the government should set up policies appropriate for the local situation.