寒冷地区设施蔬菜化肥减施增效技术模式社会经济效果综合评价

COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION REDUCTION AND EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGIES ON PROTECTED VEGETABLES IN COLD AREAS

关键词:  设施蔬菜  化肥  减施增效  指标体系  综合评价  专家约束下主成分赋权法

Key words:  protected vegetables  chemical fertilizer  application reduction and efficiency improvement  indicator system  comprehensive evaluation  expert constraint principal component weighting method

摘要:

目的 设施蔬菜种植过程中化肥的过量投入和利用效率低下，造成了严重的环境问题。解决这些问题的农业技术在推广应用过程中又存在农户响应度低、可持续性差等问题。为了提高农业技术推广水平，保证设施蔬菜种植的可持续性，构建全面系统的技术评价指标体系，在技术推广应用时进行科学评价是十分必要的。方法 文章运用文献分析法、专家咨询法、专家约束下的主成分赋权法，进行实证分析。结果 构建了由准则层、指标层和子指标层3个层次共27个子指标的设施蔬菜化肥减施增效技术评价指标体系；计算得到各项指标权重，最终结合指标数据得到5项技术模式综合得分及排序：模式1北票市越夏番茄化肥减施（0.443 2）>模式3辽中区冬春茬番茄化肥减施（0.343 8）>模式2灯塔市越冬番茄化肥减施（0.050 4）>模式4南票区冬春茬番茄化肥减施（-0.412 5）>模式5凌源市越冬长季节黄瓜化肥减施（-0.425 0）。结论 根据评价得分结果分别围绕5项技术模式的技术、经济、社会和管理方面进行分析讨论，据此提出了技术模式推广优先序；针对各项技术的优势与劣势提出了发展设施蔬菜的政策建议，对各项化肥减施增效技术模式的完善与应用推广有重要意义。

Abstract:

The excessive input and low use efficiency of chemical fertilizers during the cultivation of protected vegetables has caused serious environmental problems. Agricultural technologies during the application and extension to solve these problems have low responsiveness and poor sustainability. In order to improve the level of agricultural technology extension and ensure the cultivation sustainability of protected vegetables, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive and systematic technical evaluation index system for the scientific evaluation of agricultural technologies during the extension. By using the methods of literature analysis, the expert consultation and the expert constrained principal component weighting, a set of evaluation index system for the chemical fertilizer application reduction and efficiency improvement technologies consisting of the criteria, the indicators and the sub-indicators three layers with a total of 27 indicators was constructed. The weights of each indicator were calculated, and then the comprehensive scores and rankings of five technical modes were obtained with the weights and indicator data. The rankings followed the order of model 1 summer tomato fertilizer reduction technology mode in the city of Beipiao (0.443 2) > model 3 winter and spring tomato fertilizer reduction technology mode in the Liaozhong district (0.343 8) > model 2 winter tomato fertilizer reduction technology mode in the city of Dengta (0.050 4) > model 4 winter and spring tomato fertilizer reduction technology mode in the Nanpiao district from (-0.412 5) > model 5 winter and summer cucumber fertilizer reduction technology mode in the city of LingYuan (-0.425 0). The technological, economic, social and management aspects for the five agricultural technology modes were analyzed and discussed according to the results of the evaluation, and then the priority of promoting the technology modes were proposed. The corresponding policies for each technology modes were recommended in view of the advantages and disadvantages of each technology mode, which is of great significance to the improvement and application of the chemical fertilizer application reduction and efficiency improvement technologies.