油菜秸秆还田及化肥配施的水稻经济环境效益分析

ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF RICE WITH THE APPLICATION OF RAPESEED STRAW AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER

关键词:  秸秆还田  化肥配施  氮磷流失  经济效益  环境效益

Key words:  straw returning  fertilizer application  loss of nitrogen and phosphorus  economic benefits  environmental benefits

摘要:

目的 为提高秸秆还田的效率和综合效益，探讨秸秆还田及化肥配施对水稻的经济和生态环境的影响。方法 文章设置了无秸秆不施肥（CK）、秸秆全量覆土还田不施肥（S）、无秸秆常规施肥（F）、秸秆全量覆土还田+常规施肥（SF）、秸秆全量覆土还田+常规施肥减15%（SDF）5个处理进行田间小区试验，研究其经济环境效益。结果 在经济效益方面，秸秆还田＋常规施肥（SF）产量最高，与无秸秆常规施肥（F）相比，增产了2.28%，纯收益增加1.52%，秸秆还田对经济效益有促进作用。在环境效益方面，与无秸秆常规施肥（F）相比，秸秆全量覆土还田+常规施肥（SF）和秸秆全量覆土还田+常规施肥减15%（SDF）显著降低总氮（TN）径流流失总量10.75%和28.67%，总磷（TP）径流流失总量分别降低1.45%和2.90%。结论 综合经济环境效益得出，在常规施肥条件下，秸秆还田可以实现作物增产增收，农田径流氮磷流失减少，化肥投入品减量。

Abstract:

In order to improve the efficiency and comprehensive benefits of straw returning, this study focuses on the effects of straw returning and chemical fertilizer on the economic and ecological environment of rice. The field experiment was statistically arranged with five treatments and triplicates as follows, no straw and no fertilization (CK), full straw returning and no fertilization (S), non-straw conventional fertilization (F), full straw returning + conventional fertilization (SF) and full straw returning + conventional fertilization 15% reduction (SDF). We studied the economic and environmental benefits of different straw returning and fertilizer application by plot experiment. The results were listed as follows. In terms of economic benefits, the yield of rice was the highest when the full straw was returned to field+ conventional fertilization (SF) treatment. Compared with conventional fertilization (F), the yield increased by 2.28%, and the net income increased by 1.52%, respectively. In terms of environmental benefits, compared with conventional fertilization (F), full straw returning + conventional fertilization (SF) and full straw returning + conventional fertilization 15% reduction (SDF) significantly reduced total nitrogen (TN) runoff loss by 10.75% and 28.67%, and total phosphorus (TP) runoff loss by 1.45% and 2.90%, respectively. In summary, according to the comprehensive economic and environmental benefits, straw returning can increase crop yield and income and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland runoff, as well as reduce the amount of fertilizer input and alleviate the potential threat of chemical fertilizer input to the environment.