教育精准扶贫对农村大学生返乡意愿的影响研究

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF TARGETED POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH EDUCATION ON THE WILLINGNESS OF RURAL COLLEGE STUDENTS TO RETURN TO HOMETOWN

关键词:  教育精准扶贫  乡村振兴  农村大学生  返乡意愿  机制分析

Key words:  policy of targeted poverty alleviation through education  rural revitalization  rural college students  willingness to return home  mechanism analysis

摘要:

目的 检视教育精准扶贫政策对农村大学生返乡意愿产生的影响，为完善脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接路径、破解乡村发展人才制约难题提供决策参考。方法 文章根据教育扶贫目标多重性，从机理上将教育扶贫对象区分为乡村存量人口和乡村增量人口；以是否为建档立卡生身份为关键变量，对教育扶贫对乡村增量人口（农村大学生）返乡意愿的影响进行研究，通过问卷设计、数据收集和回归分析进行验证。结果 教育精准扶贫能够增强农村大学生的返乡意愿；相较于男性，教育精准扶贫更能够增强女性大学生的返乡意愿；支持乡村发展的政策机制和城乡发展的市场机制是影响农村大学生返乡意愿宏观层面的重要机制，感恩机制及其机制作用的性别差异是教育精准扶贫对返乡意愿产生影响的重要通道。结论 破解乡村振兴人才制约，可以在教育精准扶贫过程中强化感恩效应、加强对大学生返乡就业创业引导；要关注不同农村大学生群体的返乡意愿差异，因势利导，因人施策。

Abstract:

The goal of this study is to examine the impact of policy of targeted poverty alleviation through education (PAE) on the rural college students′ willingness to return to hometown, so as to provide references for improving the effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and breaking the talent constraints for rural development. According to the multiple objectives of PAE, we categorized the PAE objects into rural population stock and rural population increment, and used students′ status of whether being registered as the key variable. The PAE impact on the willingness to return to hometown of the rural population increment，i.e., rural college students, was examined through regression analysis using data obtained through surveys. Results indicated that the targeted PAE could enhance the willingness of rural college students to return home. Compared with male students, this policy impact on female college students was stronger. Both of the policy mechanism of supporting rural development and the market mechanism of urban and rural development were important macro level mechanisms influencing the willingness, while thanksgiving motivation and the gender difference in the mechanisms were important channels to promote rural college students′ willingness of home return. Our conclusion is that, in order to break the talent constraint of rural revitalization, we can promote the thanksgiving effects in the targeted PAE and provide better guidance for college students′ home-returning employment and entrepreneurship. It is necessary to customize the policy for individuals′ need, pay attention to the difference in the home-returning willingness among different student populations.