农业生产性服务对玉米生产技术效率的影响研究基于微观数据的实证分析

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVE SERVICES ON CORN PRODUCTION TECHNICAL EFFICIENCYEMPIRCIAL ANALYSIS BASED ON MICRO DATA

关键词:  农业生产性服务  玉米生产技术效率  玉米种植户  两部门模型  随机前沿生产函数

Key words:  agricultural productive services  technical efficiency of corn production  corn farmer  two-department model  stochastic frontier production function model

摘要:

目的 探究农业生产性服务对玉米生产技术效率的影响，引导农业生产性服务精准化发展，有助于维稳国家粮食安全，尽早实现农业现代化和乡村振兴发展目标。方法 文章利用对黑龙江省13市47村298个玉米种植户的微观数据，构建随机前沿生产函数模型对玉米生产技术效率进行测算，并在此基础上构建技术无效率模型，实证检验农业生产性服务对玉米生产技术效率是否产生重要影响。结果 目前玉米生产技术效率平均值在75%左右，有较大提升空间；农资供应服务、农业技术服务、农业信息服务、农机作业服务均能够显著提高玉米生产技术效率，但影响程度存在一定差异，其中农业信息服务对玉米生产技术效率的作用效果最为明显，其次是农机作业服务、农业技术服务和农资供应服务；性别、年龄、受教育程度、是否担任村干部、是否有农地流转、玉米收入占比对提高玉米生产技术效率有显著正向影响，是否兼业对提高玉米生产技术效率有显著负向影响。结论 提高玉米生产技术效率要从完善农业生产性服务体系、建立农村信息服务平台、提高农户认知水平等方面入手。

Abstract:

Exploring the impact of agricultural productive services on the technical efficiency of corn production and promoting the precise development of agricultural productive services are conducive to maintaining national food security and realizing the goals of agricultural modernization and rural revitalization as soon as possible. Based on the microscopic data of 298 corn farmers from 47 villages of 13 cities in Heilongjiang province, a stochastic frontier production function model was built to measure the technical efficiency of corn production, and a technical inefficiency model was built on this basis to empirically test whether agricultural productive services had an important impact on the technical efficiency of corn production. The current average technical efficiency of corn production was around 75%, and there was still room for improvement. Agricultural material-supply services, agricultural technology services, agricultural information services, agricultural machinery services could significantly improve the technical efficiency of corn production, but the degree of influence was different. The effect on technical efficiency of corn production from agricultural information services was the most obvious, followed by agricultural machinery services, agricultural technology services and agricultural material-supply services; Gender, age, education level, whether or not to be a village cadre, whether or not to have agricultural land transfer, corn income ratio had a significant positive effect on improving the technical efficiency of corn production. Whether or not to have a part-time job had a significant negative effect on improving the technical efficiency of corn production. In summary, to improve the technical efficiency of corn production, it was necessary to improve the agricultural productive service system, establish the rural information service platform and improve the cognition level of farmers.