基于遗传算法投影寻踪模型优化的深层次农业用水初始水权分配以新疆建设兵团第八师石河子灌区为例

THE ALLOCATION OF INITIAL WATER RIGHTS IN DEEP AGRICULTURE BASED ON THE PROJECTION TRACING MODEL OPTIMIZED BY GENETIC ALGORITHMA CASE STUDY OF SHIHEZI IRRIGATION AREA

关键词:  初始水权分配  投影寻踪  农业用水  遗传算法  石河子灌区  深层次

Key words:  initial allocation of water rights  projection pursuit  agricultural water  genetic algorithm  Shihezi irrigation area  deep

摘要:

目的 随着土地确权的完成以及土地流转的加快，土地集约化利用进一步得到提高，对水资源初始水权深层次的科学合理分配提出了更高的要求。结合节水优先，以水定地，两手发力以及水资源严控的“三条红线”的节水方针，构建了深层次初始水权分配指标体系分析地区配水的问题。方法 文章采用实地调研与计算机辅助分析相结合的方法，在充分考虑节水设施投入，节水技术等效率性指标及对土壤环境造成污染的地膜、肥料的使用量等生态优先性指标基础上，共选取11个指标构建石河子灌区农业初始水权分配体系。利用遗传算法投影寻踪模型对数据进行降维处理，用MATLAB数值计算软件编程进行数据归一化处理、优化投影方向。结果 研究给出石河子灌区水权分配量，并对各区域现状灌水量、严格控制水资源总量下的额定亩均灌水量、优化配置用水量对比分析。结果表明，143团北灌区、152团和石总场3个区域深层次的初始分配量分别为4 183.68万m³，4 046.05万m³和6 569.28万m³。若整个灌区全面实行总量控制与定额管理的目标，可比现状用水量节水约15.67%。结论 该文提出的深层次农业初始水权分配的体系具有一定的普遍性、有效性，完善了之前没有充分考虑农田生态系统优先性原则的指标体系。在水利改革不断深化的背景下，各地区必须明确水权，精准到户，为完善水价体系和构建水权交易市场奠定基础。

Abstract:

With the completion of land rights confirmation and the acceleration of land circulation, the intensive use of land has been further improved, and higher requirements have been put forward for the deep scientific and rational distribution of initial water rights of water resources. Combined the water-saving policy of ‘three red lines’, which is to give priority to water conservation, set the land by water, make efforts by both hands and strictly control water resources, a deep-seated initial water right allocation index system is constructed to analyze the problems of regional water distribution. Based on the in-site survey combined with computer aided analysis, the method of full consideration of water-saving facilities, water saving technology indexes and equivalent permeance of soil environment pollution caused by the film and fertilizer usage, etc. And based on the principle of ecological priority, 11 indicators were selected for Shihezi agricultural irrigation area to build the initial water right allocation system. Then the projection tracking model of genetic algorithm was used to optimize the dimensionality reduction of the data, and MATLAB numerical calculation software was used to normalize the data and optimize the projection direction. The distribution of water rights in Shihezi irrigation area was studied, and a comparative analysis was made on the current irrigation amount in each area, the rated average irrigation amount per mu under strict control of total water resources, and the optimal allocation water amount. The results showed that the initial allocation of deep water in the three regions was 41.836 8 million m³, 40.465 5 million m³ and 65.692 8 million m³, respectively. If the water consumption under strict control was calculated, the water saving was about 15.7% compared with that before. In summary, the initial water right distribution system of deep-seated agriculture proposed in this paper has certain universality and effectiveness, which improves the index system that do not fully consider the priority principle of farmland ecosystem. Under the background of deepening water conservancy reform, all regions must define water rights and be accurate to households, so as to lay a foundation for the improvement of water price and the establishment of water rights trading market.