北京市农业转移劳动力工资差异及变化从工作经验到工作岗位

THE DIFFERENCES OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFER LABORS′ WAGES IN BEIJING AND CHANGE:FROM WORKING EXPERIENCE TO POST

关键词:  农业转移劳动力  工资  影响因素  差异  变化  人力资本

Key words:  agricultural transfer labors  wages  influencing factors  differences  change  human capital

摘要:

目的 基于实证分析，探究农业转移劳动力工资的影响因素、工资差异的来源及其动态变化，以期为微观农业转移劳动力实现市民化提供科学参考。方法 文章以2007—2017年北京市农业转移劳动力调研数据，通过多元回归、明瑟方程和基尼系数分解法、泰尔指数分解法，对农业转移劳动力工资的影响因素和工资差异进行分析。结果 （1）性别、教育程度、所属行业、工作岗位、工作经验是影响工资的主要因素；（2）工作岗位、所属行业、工作经验是工资差异的主要来源；（3）2007—2017年10年来工资差异最重要的来源已从工作经验转变为工作岗位；且人力资本变量中工作经验对工资的影响高于教育年数，但教育的影响呈上升趋势。结论 提出农业转移劳动力行动路径和政府政策建议：农业转移劳动力需努力提高自身素质、当前积极积累专业工作经验、有针对性参加培训、长期则需提高教育水平；政府应坚持市场化、工作设计多样化、规范收入分配、提供技能和学历教育平台。

Abstract:

This paper explored the impact factors of agricultural migrant labors′ wages and those differences as well as the dynamic changes from empirical investigation, in order to provide scientific reference to the Micro-agricultural transfer labors realize citizenization. Based on the survey data of agricultural transfer labors in Beijing from 2007 to 2017, through methods as Multiple Linear Regression, Mincer income function, Gini coefficient decomposition and Theil index decomposition, this paper analyzed the impact factors of agricultural migrant labors′ wages and those wages differences. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, the variables such as gender, education level, industry, post and working experience were the principal factors affecting wages of agricultural transfer labors in Beijing. Meanwhile, secondly, the variables such as post, industry and working experience were the major sources of agricultural transfer labors' wage differences. Thirdly, the most important source of wage differences of agricultural transfer labors in Beijing had already changed from working experience to post during these ten years from 2007 to 2017. In addition, as human capital variables, the influence of working experience on wages of agricultural transfer labors in Beijing was higher than educational years, while the effect of education on wages was on the rise trend. At last, this paper put forward the action path for agricultural transfer labors, and policy suggestion for the government. On the one hand, an agricultural transfer labor should strive to enhance personal quality, actively accumulate professional work experience at present, and participate in targeted training. Furthermore, the agricultural transfer labor needs to improve his level of education in the long term. On the other hand, the government should adhere to marketization, make job design diversification; standardize income distribution, and provide skills & academic education platforms.