东北地区农村宅基地闲置特征及影响因素研究基于公主岭市6乡镇实地调研数据

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE IDLENESS OF RURAL HOMESTEAD IN NORTHEAST CHINABASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF 6 TOWNS IN GONGZHULING

关键词:  乡村振兴  宅基地闲置  Logistic二元回归模型  影响因素  东北地区

Key words:  rural revitalization  the idleness of homestead  Logistic Binary Regression model  influencing factor  Northeast China

摘要:

目的 通过实地调研和问卷调查收集农村宅基地闲置相关信息，分析农村宅基地闲置特征和影响因素，以期为乡村振兴过程中推动农村宅基地制度改革提供参考。方法 描述性统计方法和Logistic二元回归模型。结果 宅基地完全闲置率约为13.19%，季节性闲置率约为31.79%，宅基地季节性闲置较为严重；宅基地面积超标严重，存在内部闲置现象，庭院利用效率低下；闲置宅基地流转程度以及村集体对闲置宅基地的处置能力较低；户主年龄、人均耕地面积、家庭人均年收入、务工人数占比、宅基地数量和宅基地退出意愿影响宅基地的闲置，户主年龄、人均耕地面积和宅基地退出意愿对宅基地闲置产生负向影响，家庭人均年收入、务工人数占比和宅基地数量对宅基地闲置产生正向影响。结论 针对宅基地闲置问题，必须在保障农民居住权之上，充分放活宅基地使用权，合理规划并管控宅基地规模，对于不同闲置类型的宅基地探索差异化解决途径，推动宅基地使用权自由流转、宅基地用途转换等，通过盘活宅基地助力乡村振兴。

Abstract:

Through on-the-spot investigation and questionnaire survey, the study collects relevant information about rural homestead idleness, and analyses the characteristics and influencing factors of the idleness of rural homestead, in order to provide references for promoting the rural homestead system reform in rural revitalization. Descriptive statistics and the Logistic Binary Regression model were applied in the study. The results were listed as follows. Firstly, the total idle rate of rural homestead was about 13.19% and the seasonal idle rate was about 31.79%, which indicated a serious problem for the seasonal idleness. Secondly, the homestead seriously exceeded the area standard with internal idleness and low efficiency of courtyard utilization. Thirdly, the circulation degree of idle homestead was low, and village collectives seldom disposed idle homestead. Finally, the idleness of homestead was affected by the age of the household head, per capita arable land area, per capita annual household income, the proportion of migrant workers, the quantity of homestead and the willingness to withdraw from the homestead. The age of the household head, per capita arable land area, and the willingness to withdraw from the homestead had a negative impact on the idleness of homestead. The per capita annual household income, the proportion of migrant workers and the quantity of homestead had a positive impact on the idleness of homestead. In conclusion, in order to solve the problem of idle homestead, we must start from the premise of protecting farmers' right to live，fully release the right to use homestead, make a rational plan to manage the homestead scale, explore differentiated solutions for different types of idle homestead, promote the free circulation of the right to use homestead, and transform the use of homestead. The above measures of revitalizing the homestead are taken to promote rural revitalization.