农户宅基地使用权退出权益结构变化研究以乌鲁木齐市安宁渠镇为例

STUDY ON THE CHANGE OF RIGHTS AND INTERESTS STRUCTURE OF FARMERS' HOMESTEAD USE RIGHT WITHDRAWALTAKING ANNINGQU TOWN OF URUMQI AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  宅基地  宅基地使用权退出  农民土地权益  权益保障  模糊评价

Key words:  homestead  withdrawal of right to use homestead  farmers' land rights and interests  rights and interests protection  fuzzy evaluation

摘要:

目的 农村宅基地是农民用作建造住宅的土地，农户对其享有获取收益、社会保障等权利，一旦退出，就意味着附着在上面的一切权益都会丧失。如何在宅基地使用权退出的过程中保障农民正当的权益，对于推进城乡一体化，构建美丽乡村，具有重要的现实意义。方法 文章从农民的经济权益、社会权益、政治权益的视角出发，从家庭特征、经济状况、住房状况、保障状况、社区状况、心理状况六个方面构建指标体系，采用模糊评价方法，分析在宅基地使用权退出的过程中农民权益的变化情况。结果 由于在宅基地使用权退出过程中政府居于主导地位，农户参与度较低，往往被动式地接受安排，造成权益受到直接的伤害，农户的经济状况、保障状况以及心理状况等权益受到了一定的损害。结论 在宅基地退出的过程中，仍然存在农民参与力度不够、养老等社会保障不完善、再就业难等问题，需要政府统筹协调。开展工作的过程中，政府需要更多地听取当地农民的意愿，切实合理地保障农民的权益。

Abstract:

Rural homestead is the land used by farmers to build houses. Farmers have the rights to obtain interests and social security. Once they withdraw from homestead, they will lose all the rights and interests related to their homestead. How to protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers in the process of withdrawing the right to use homestead has practical significance for promoting the integration of urban and rural areas and building beautiful villages. From the perspective of farmers' economic, social and political rights and interests, an index system was constructed from six aspects, family characteristics, economic status, housing status, security status, community status and psychological status. The study analyzed the changes of farmers' rights and interests in the process of withdrawing the right to use homesteads by using fuzzy evaluation method. The results showed that since the government was in a dominant position in the withdrawal of the right to use homesteads, farmers’ participation was low, and they often accepted arrangement passively, causing direct damage to their rights and interests, and their economic status, security status and psychological status had been damaged to a certain extent. So, in the process of withdrawing homesteads, there are still some problems, such as insufficient participation of farmers, the imperfect social security, and difficulty in reemployment, which need overall coordination by the government. In the process of carrying out the work, the government needs to listen more to the wishes of local farmers and protect their rights and interests in a practical and reasonable manner.