河北省节水农业时空分布及发展趋势研究

STUDY ON SPATIO-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT TREND OF WATER-SAVING AGRICULTURE IN HEBEI PROVINCE

关键词:  河北省  节水农业  时空分布  发展趋势  PSR模型

Key words:  Hebei province  water saving agriculture  space-time layout  trend in development  PSR model

摘要:

目的 通过对河北省节水农业的时空分布及发展趋势进行研究，以期对绿色发展背景下河北省水资源的可持续利用提供思路。方法 文章基于压力—状态—响应（PSR）概念模型构建河北省节水农业体系，采用全局Moran's I指数分析其空间自相关性，通过熵值法计算系统发展指数，综合评价河北省节水农业PSR系统及发展趋势。结果 节水农业压力中，冀中、冀南地区为河北省节水压力较高的区域，冀东和冀北的节水农业压力相对较小；节水农业状态中，冀南地区的邢台、邯郸、衡水应作为节水农业的优先发展区，冀中地区的保定、沧州属于宜改进区域，冀东和冀北地区则属于节水农业较优状态区；节水农业响应中，以石家庄为中心的冀中地区属于较高水平，以唐山为中心的冀东地区属于中等水平，其他区域则相对较低。结论 （1）河北省的高水平节水农业PSR系统聚集在以唐山为中心的冀东地区，低值水平区聚集在以邢台为中心的冀南地区。（2）河北省小麦与蔬菜种植主要集中在地下水超采治理重点区域的冀中和冀南，种植结构调整、突出生态修复功能、推行合理休耕政策是其节水农业主要途径。（3）河北省应根据当前节水农业PSR系统现状因地制宜地的发展节水农业，依托河北农业大学和农业技术推广站等平台，提升农业科技进步贡献率。

Abstract:

The space-time distribution and development trend of water-saving agriculture in Hebei province are studied in order to provide ideas for sustainable utilization of water resources in Hebei province under the background of green development. Based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) conceptual model, the water-saving agriculture system of Hebei province was constructed. The spatial autocorrelation of the system was analyzed by the global Moran's I index, and the system development index was calculated by the entropy method. The PSR system and development trend of water-saving agriculture in Hebei province were comprehensively evaluated. The results were indicated as follows. In the pressure of water-saving agriculture, the pressure of water-saving agriculture in southern Hebei province was higher than that in eastern Hebei and northern Hebei. The pressure of water-saving agriculture was relatively small in eastern Hebei and northern Hebei. In the state of water-saving agriculture, Xingtai, Handan and Hengshui in southern Hebei should be regarded as the priority development areas of water-saving agriculture, Baoding in central Hebei, Cangzhou belonged to the region suitable for improvement, eastern and northern Hebei belonged to the better state of water-saving agriculture; In response to water-saving agriculture, Shijiazhuang-centered Jizhong region belonged to a higher level, Tangshan-centered eastern Hebei region belonged to a moderate level, and other regions were relatively low. To summary, firstly, the PSR system of high-level water-saving agriculture in Hebei province is concentrated in the eastern Hebei province with Tangshan as the center and the low-level area in the southern Hebei province with Xingtai as the center. Secondly, wheat and vegetable planting in Hebei province is mainly concentrated in the central and southern Hebei province, where groundwater overexploitation is the key area. Adjusting the planting structure, highlighting the ecological restoration function and carrying out the reasonable fallow policy are the main ways of water-saving agriculture. Finally, according to the present situation of water-saving agriculture PSR system, Hebei province should develop water-saving agriculture according to local conditions, rely on Hebei Agricultural University and agricultural technology extension station and other platforms to enhance the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress.