易地扶贫搬迁促进贫困村域发展研究以吉林省通榆县陆家村为例

STUDY ON THE PROMOTION OF POVERTY VILLAGES REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BY RELOCATION OF POVERTY ALLEVIATIONTAKING LUJIA VILLAGE, TONGYU COUNTY, JILIN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  易地扶贫搬迁  贫困村  土地整治  乡村重构  乡村振兴

Key words:  relocation of poverty alleviation  poverty villages  land consolidation  rural reconstruction  rural revitalization

摘要:

目的 易地扶贫搬迁是助推村域重构、促进村域发展的重要手段，分析典型案例的经验与不足，对于全面实现脱贫攻坚、推进乡村振兴具有重要参考价值。方法 文章基于吉林省通榆县陆家村的实地调查，客观分析易地扶贫搬迁的过程与成效，总结易地扶贫搬迁的模式、经验、存在问题，剖析易地扶贫搬迁促进贫困村域发展的机制。结果 陆家村实施易地扶贫搬迁后，村内基础设施与公共服务设施更为健全、建设用地更为集约、集体土地实现股份化改革、一二三产业有效融合、乡村治理结构有序、村容村貌焕然一新、村集体收入和农民人均年收入均大幅提高。结论 易地扶贫搬迁可有效促进贫困村域在生产—生活—生态—文化—组织上全面重塑提升，但当前模式存在资金筹集难、房屋不动产登记慢、原地不搬迁户的后续处置问题，在推广中应注意农民财产补偿、后续产业发展、政策适用区域、集体资产处置等事项。易地扶贫搬迁促进贫困村域发展机制为：以人为核心的政府、村委会、农户、合作社等多元主体在精准扶贫相关政策与资金的统筹支持下，将农民补偿与安置搬迁相结合、土地整治与产业发展相衔接、新村建设与生态修复相关联，形成多重保障多轮驱动的发展链条，有效消除或改善了村域致贫因素，促进村域人口—土地—产业结构优化、功能提升，从而实现村域经济、社会、生态等多方面改善与发展。

Abstract:

The relocation of poverty alleviation is an important method to promote the reconstruction and the development of village-region. The analysis of the experience and shortage of typical cases has provided the important reference value for the comprehensive realization of poverty alleviation and the promotion of rural revitalization. Based on the field investigation of Lujia village, Tongyu county, Jilin province, this paper objectively analyzed the process and the effect of the relocation of poverty alleviation, and summarized the model, experience and problems of the relocation of poverty alleviation. Moreover, it explored the mechanism of the promotion of the development of poverty villages by relocation of poverty alleviation. The results showed that the infrastructure and public service facilities in the village had been sounder, the construction land more intensive, and the reform of demutualization of collective land achieved after the relocation of poverty alleviation of Lujia village. The primary, secondary and tertiary industries had been effectively integrated, the structure of rural governance orderly, the village appearance brand-new, meanwhile the income of the village collective and the per capita annual income of farmers increased substantially after that. To summary, relocation of poverty alleviation can effectively promote the comprehensive reconstruction and improvement of the poverty villages in terms of the production, living, ecology, culture and organization. However, there are some problems such as the difficulty of raising funds, the slow registration of real estate, and follow-up disposal for non-moving households in the current mode. During the spread of the relocation of poverty alleviation, the issues should be attached importance such as farmer’s property compensation, the development of follow-up industries, the area of policy application, and the disposal of collective assets. The mechanism of promotion of the development of poverty villages by relocation of poverty alleviation includes the following content. With the support of precision poverty alleviation policies and funds, the human-centered multi-subjects comprising the government, village committee, farmers, and cooperatives have combined farmer’s compensation with resettlement and relocation, linked land consolidation with industrial development, connected the construction of new villages with ecological restoration. The developing chain with multi-ensuring measures and multi-driving wheels has come into being. It has effectively eliminated or improved the poverty caused by multiple factors in the village-region, and promoted the rural population-land-industry structural optimization and the promotion of functions, so as to realize the economic, social and ecological improvement of the village.